Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study characteristic | Value (N=32), n (%) | |
| Year of publication |
|
|
|
|
<2017 | 7 (22) |
|
|
≥2017 | 25 (78) |
| Country |
|
|
|
|
United States of America | 16 (50) |
|
|
United Kingdom | 7 (22) |
|
|
Germany | 1 (3) |
|
|
Italy | 1 (3) |
|
|
Sweden | 1 (3) |
|
|
Japan | 3 (9) |
|
|
Korea | 2 (6) |
|
|
China | 1 (3) |
| Type of study design |
|
|
|
|
RCTa | 13 (41) |
|
|
Pilot study | 8 (25) |
|
|
Before-and-after study | 6 (19) |
|
|
Feasibility study | 3 (9) |
|
|
Nonrandomized comparison | 1 (3) |
|
|
Crossover RCT | 1 (3) |
| Study duration |
|
|
|
|
<8 weeks | 25 (78) |
|
|
≥8 weeks | 7 (22) |
| Sample population |
|
|
|
|
Healthy adults | 23 (72) |
|
|
Inpatients/outpatients | 9 (28) |
| Target clinical outcome |
|
|
|
|
Treatment and monitoring | 21 (66) |
|
|
Education and training | 11 (34) |
| Target disorder/intervention |
|
|
|
|
Mental well-being | 17 (53) |
|
|
Co-occurring depression and anxiety | 4 (13) |
|
|
Depression only | 3 (9) |
|
|
Othersb | 8 (25) |
aRCT: randomized controlled trial.
bHeight phobia, panic disorder, anxiety only, suicide prevention, gambling disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, and substance abuse.