TABLE 5.

Validated traditional uses per Tanacetum species.

Species	Traditional uses	Modern studies			References
		Validated	In vitro	In vivo
T. balsamita	Diabetes	✓	✓	✕	Vukic et al. (2022)
	Antispasmodic	✓	✓	✕	Ahmadnejad-Asl-Gavgani et al. (2022)
	Antipyretic	✕	✕	✕	Hussain et al. (2018)
	Hepatoprotective	✓	✕	✓	Rusu et al. (2005)
	Wound healing	✕	✕	✕	Sõukand and Pieroni (2016)
	Anti-inflammatory	✓	✓	✓	(Sharif et al., 2020; Servi et al., 2021)
	Antiallergic	✕	✕	✕	Hassanpouraghdam (2009)
	Migraine	✕	✕	✕	Hassanpouraghdam et al. (2022)
	Bile acid deficiency	✕	✕	✕	Ghirardini et al. (2007)
	Anticancer	✓	✓	✕	Alipanah et al. (2021)
	Arthritis	✕	✕	✕	Juan-Badaturuge et al. (2009)
	Anthelmintic	✕	✕	✕	Agelet et al. (2000)
	Antihypertensive	✕	✕	✕	Bouhlal et al. (2017)
	Cholecystitis	✕	✕	✕	Guarino (2008)
T. vulgare	Anthelmintic	✓	✓	✕	(Omer, 2013; Godinho et al., 2014)
	Rheumatism	✕	✕	✕	Tribess et al. (2015)
	Fever	✕	✕	✕	Petrov (2016)
	Epilepsy	✕	✕	✕	Petrov (2016)
	Type 1 diabetes	✓	✕	✓	Mohseni-Salehi-Monfared et al. (2010), Chaachouay et al. (2019a)
	Anemia	✕	✕	✕	Chaachouay et al. (2019b)
	Hypercholesterolemia	✓	✕	✓	Azonov et al. (2008), Chaachouay et al. (2019a)
	Anti-inflammatory	✓	✓	✓	Schinella et al. (1998), Holetz et al. (2002), Coté et al. (2017)
	Neurological conditions	✓	✓	✓	Daneshmand et al. (2016), Ak et al. (2021)
	Migraine	✓	✕	✓	Schinella et al. (1998)
	Venereal conditions	✓	✓	✕	Álvarez et al. (2015)
	Kidney diseases	✕	✕	✕	Shikov et al. (2014)
T. parthenium	Gastric disorders	✓	✓	✕	Gholami et al. (2014); Tribess et al. (2015)
	Fever	✓	✓	✓	Lans et al. (2006); Sur et al. (2009)
	Toothache	✓	✓	✓	Jain and Kulkarni (1999), Delfan et al. (2014)
	Litholytic (Urolithiasis)	✕	✕	✕	Ahmed et al. (2016)
	Rheumatism and arthritis	✕	✕	✕	Vokou et al. (1993)
	Sedative	✓	✓	✓	Vokou et al. (1993), Mannelli et al. (2015)
	Diaphoretic	✕	✕	✕	Vokou et al. (1993)
T. artemisioides	Diabetes	✕	✕	✕	Ullah et al. (2019)
	High blood pressure	✕	✕	✕	Ullah et al. (2019)
	Migraine pain and fever	✓	✕	✓	Bukhari et al. (2007), Ibrar and Hussain (2010)
	Ringworm	✕	✕	✕	Hussain et al. (2010), Hussain et al. (2018)
	Hepatitis	✕	✕	✕	Ibrar and Hussain (2010)
	Headache	✓	✓	✕	Ahmad et al. (2004)
T. polycephalum	Gastroenteritis	✕	✕	✕	Mosaddegh et al. (2012)
	Hemorrhoids and inflammation	✓	✓	✕	Coté et al. (2017)
	Analgesic	✓	✕	✓	Azizi et al. (2020)
	Cancer	✓	✓	✕	Karimian et al. (2015)
	Cold and flu	✕	✕	✕	Kawarty et al. (2020)
T. mucroniferum	Inflammation	✕	✕	✕	Türker (2018)
	kidney problems	✕	✕	✕	Türker (2018)
	Influenza	✕	✕	✕	Türker (2018)
	Typhoid fever	✕	✕	✕	Van Wyk and Gorelik (2017)
	Antivenom for scorpion	✕	✕	✕	Van Wyk and Gorelik (2017)
	Infantile spasms	✕	✕	✕	Van Wyk and Gorelik (2017)