Table 1.
Sample Descriptive Statistics (N=70)
| Control (n=34) | JITAI (n=36) | HD (n=21) | SCI (n=19) | HCT (n=30) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (%) | |||||
| Female | 62 | 78 | 62 | 74 | 73 |
| Male | 35 | 22 | 38 | 26 | 23 |
| Not reported | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Race (%) | |||||
| Caucasian | 97 | 81 | 100 | 74 | 90 |
| African American | 3 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Asian | 0 | 8 | 0 | 11 | 3 |
| More than 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 7 |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||||
| Non-Hispanic | 100 | 92 | 90 | 95 | 100 |
| Hispanic | 0 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| Missing | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Marital Status (%) | |||||
| Married/Cohabitating | 82 | 83 | 81 | 89 | 80 |
| Partnered, living apart | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Single & divorced | 9 | 8 | 14 | 0 | 10 |
| Single & never married | 6 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 10 |
| Missing | 0 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Work Status (%) | |||||
| Full-time | 29 | 58 | 52 | 42 | 40 |
| Part-time | 18 | 6 | 5 | 26 | 7 |
| Homemaker | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Student | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Retired | 38 | 19 | 43 | 16 | 27 |
| Retired early, disability | 0 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 3 |
| Unemployed <1yr, not looking for work | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Unemployed >1yr, looking for work | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Unemployed >1 yr, not looking for work | 3 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 7 |
| Other | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Age (years) | |||||
| M (SD) | 56.1 (14.48) | 54.4 (13.05) | 60.8 (9.39) | 50.4 (15.09) | 54.4 (14.33) |
| Time in caregiver role (years) | |||||
| M (SD) | 6.9 (6.76) | 11.0 (8.35) | 9.0 (7.69) | 13.0 (7.60) | 2.4 (3.54) |
| Age of the care recipient | 56.9 (13.95) | 50.3 (14.49) | 57.9 (9.61) | 48.1 (14.97) | 54.1 (16.31) |
| Relationship to care recipient (%) | |||||
| Spouse/Partner | 59 | 61 | 71 | 42 | 63 |
| Child | 6 | 8 | 0 | 21 | 3 |
| Parent | 9 | 22 | 14 | 11 | 20 |
| Sibling | 12 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 10 |
| In-law | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Friend | 12 | 3 | 5 | 16 | 3 |
| Time caregiving (%) | |||||
| 1–2hrs/day or less | 35 | 33 | 48 | 21 | 33 |
| 3–4hrs/day (half a working day) | 35 | 36 | 38 | 32 | 37 |
| 5–8hrs/day (full working day) | 15 | 14 | 10 | 26 | 10 |
| 9–12hrs/day | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| >12hrs/day or round-the-clock care | 9 | 14 | 5 | 21 | 10 |
| Missing | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Baseline HRQOL | |||||
| Caregiver Strain | 48.0 (7.92) | 49.7 (6.50) | 50.4 (7.02) | 49.3 (7.62) | 47.6 (7.12) |
| Caregiver-Specific Anxiety | 48.0 (6.81) | 47.4 (7.79) | 51.4 (7.19) | 44.4 (7.92) | 47.2 (5.86) |
| Anger | 49.2 (9.22) | 51.6 (11.20) | 51.3 (12.02) | 50.8 (10.59) | 49.6 (8.99) |
| Anxiety | 52.9 (7.59) | 53.2 (9.18) | 54.5 (8.03) | 50.2 (8.75) | 53.8 (8.25) |
| Depression | 48.0 (7.84) | 52.4 (8.24) | 51.4 (9.96) | 49.2 (7.91) | 50.1 (7.40) |
| Perceived Stress | 48.6 (11.68) | 49.5 (11.73) | 46.1 (13.49) | 51.6 (11.44) | 49.5 (10.22) |
| Positive Affect | 53.5 (4.93) | 53.2 (7.01) | 51.9 (7.07) | 54.2 (6.17) | 53.8 (5.16) |
| Social Role Ability | 48.1 (8.56) | 46.8 (8.47) | 49.6 (7.61) | 47.2 (10.24) | 46.0 (7.78) |
| Fatigue | 48.5 (9.82) | 51.8 (9.60) | 49.0 (9.05) | 51.3 (9.96) | 50.4 (10.38) |
| Sleep-Related Impairment | 50.2 (9.32) | 53.8 (9.53) | 51.4 (8.34) | 54.1 (8.39) | 51.2 (10.97) |
Note. HRQOL = health-related quality of life. SRAs = social roles and activities. Comparisons between JITAI and controls indicated that the JITAI group was caring for individuals that were significantly older than controls (p = .037) and there was a trend indicating that care partners in the JITAI group were more likely to be employed full-time and less likely to be retired than care partners in the control group (p < .06); there were no other significant group differences for JITAI versus controls. Comparisons among HD, SCI and HCT indicated that HCT care partners reported significant less years in the caregiver role than the other two cohorts (p < .0001) and that care partners of people with HD reported significantly greater caregiver-specific anxiety than care partners of people with HCT and SCI (p < .02); there were no other group differences among the three different caregiver groups.