TABLE 3.
Summary of current usage of the key elements recommended by EARS society
| Preoperative information, education, and counseling | Preoperative optimization | Preoperative fasting | Standard anesthetic protocol | Perioperative surgical factors | Use of local anesthetics for infiltration analgesia(1) and nerve blocks(2) | Maintaining normothermia | Perioperative fluid management | Postoperative nausea and vomiting | Prevention of perioperative blood loss | Perioperative oral analgesia | Antimicrobial prophylaxis | Antithrombotic prophylaxis treatment | Postoperative nutritional care | Early mobilization | Criteria‐based discharge | Continuous improvement and audit | Others | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Javier Ripollés‐Melchor 2020 27 | √ | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √(1) | √ | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Postoperative glycemic control |
| Sergio Castorina 2018 13 | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Parapatellar medial incision; no tourniquet fascia and articular drainage; continuous elastomeric pumps infusion for pain control |
| Angela Elizabeth Marchisio 2020 35 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Spinal anesthesia; posterior approach |
| Joris A Jansen 2020 14 | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | √(1) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Spinal anesthesia; No wound drains, urinary catheters or patient‐controlled analgesia pumps |
| Robert H Thiele 2021 15 | √ | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √(1 + 2) | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | |
| Nicole Lay Tin Tan 2018 28 | √ | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Increase in spinal anesthesia and decrease in general anesthesia |
| Hong‐Hui Jiang 2019 29 | √ | √ | √ | √ | Not mentioned | √(1) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Spinal (preferred) or general anesthetic; Joint function and Lung function exercise |
| M M T Chung 2021 16 | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | √(1 + 2) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Spinal anesthesia(preferred); medial parapatellar approach; higher dose of intravenous steroid; hypnotics |
| Anouk G M Didden 2019 17 | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √(1) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | spinal analgesia or general anesthesia |
| Pascal‐André Vendittoli 2019 30 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √(1) | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Spinal (preferred) or general anesthetic; no tourniquet |
| Aymard De Ladoucette 2020 31 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √(1) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | |
| Jean‐Yves Jenny 2021 32 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √(1 + 2) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | One dose of peri‐operative glucocorticoids |
| Chiara Arienti 2020 33 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √(1) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Sub‐vastus approach vs. midline approach |
| Bas L Fransen 2018 36 | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √(1) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | No tourniquet; sub‐vastus approach vs. midline approach; no pain pumps, wound drains or bladder catheters |
| Raul Frankllim de Carvalho Almeida 2021 18 | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | √(1) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Spinal or general Anesthetic; no delayed bladder catheterization |
| David J Milligan 2021 19 | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √ | Post‐ discharge phone call one day after discharge |
| Meiyan Zhong 2021 34 | √ | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Nutrition assessment before and after the operation |
| Baptiste Picart 2021 20 | √ | √ | √ | Not mentioned | √ | √(1) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | √ | Not mentioned | No perineural block, tourniquet or drainage. An intra‐articular catheter was fitted for less than 24 h |
| Daniel Plessl 2020 21 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √(2) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Planned discharge to home on the day of surgery; spinal anesthesia with a single adductor block |
| Yehoshua Gleicher 2021 22 | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | √(1 + 2) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | No preoperative catheterization and intermittent catheterization; shorter duration spinal anesthetics |
| Georgios I Drosos 2020 23 | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √(1) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | √ | √ | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √ | |
| Blake J Schultz 2019 24 | √ | √ | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √(1) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Perioperative spinal anesthesia; Peripheral nerve blocks were not routinely used |
| David P Gwynne‐Jones 2017 25 | √ | √ | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √(1 + 2) | √ | √ | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | √ | Not mentioned | Day of surgery admission; Spinal anesthesia + intrathecal morphine |
| John M Yanik 2018 26 | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | √(1) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | √ | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Implementation of spinal anesthesia and elimination of femoral nerve blocks |
| Total | 79.2% (19/24) | 16.7% (4/24) | 29.2% (7/24) | 54.2% (13/24) | 41.7% (10/24) | 79.2% (19/24) | 20.8% (5/24) | 29.2%(7/24) | 29.2%(7/24) | 41.7%(10/24) | 66.7%(16/24) | 12.5%(3/24) | 16.7% (4/24) | 16.7% (4/24) | 100%(24/24) | 33.3%(8/24) | 8.3%(2/24) |