Table 5:

Outcome and process indicators.

Outcome indicators

Process indicators

• 0-day, 90-day and 1-year mortality rates (all-cause, cardiovascular, kidney-related) • 30-day, 90-day and 1-year hospital readmission rates (all-cause, cardiovascular, HF-related, kidney-related) • Emergency department visits due to hyperkalaemia, worsening kidney function, HF-related or cardiovascular-related events • Unscheduled visits due to hyperkalaemia, worsening kidney function, HF-related or cardiovascular-related events • Major renal adverse events defined as [56]: – Worsening of kidney disease (sustained >40% reduction in eGFR) at 1 year [26] – Progression to end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m2 or sustained initiation of renal replacement therapy) – Renal death (death due to end-stage CKD when renal replacement therapy was not initiated or was discontinued) at 30 days, 90 days and 1 year • Heart or kidney transplantation rates • Percentage of patients who required advanced circulatory support

• Time from external referral to cardiorenal visit • Proportion of patients receiving guideline-based therapies • Proportion of CKD grade 4–5 patients with haemoglobin of 10–12 g/dl [28] • Proportion of patients with adequate iron status [4, 28] • Proportion of patients with hyperphosphatemia • Rate of HD-related complications • Proportion of patients with accurate control of mineral and bone disorder [57] • Proportion of patients with hyperkalaemia • Number of patients initiating KRT • Rate of PD-related complications • Patient satisfaction • Staff satisfaction