Table 2.
Healthcare processes for new-onset kidney disease in each of the subset cohorts
| Deprived areas versus all other areas (case mix adjusted) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n =51 190) | eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n = 32 171) | eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n = 17 781) | AKI (n = 41 313) | ||||||||||
| Healthcare processes (among 1-year survivors unless otherwise stated) | Events/cases (deprived), n/N | Events/cases (not deprived), n/N | OR (95% CI) | Events/cases (deprived), n/N | Events/cases (not deprived), n/N | OR (95% CI) | Events/cases (deprived), n/N | Events/cases (not deprived), n/N | OR (95% CI) | Events/cases (deprived), n/N | Events/cases (not deprived), n/N | OR (95% CI) | |
| Context | Presents first as an inpatient (among all cases) | 1232/3135 | 15 055/48 055 | 1.25 (1.16–1.36) | 1075/2080 | 13 318 /30 091 |
1.22 (1.11–1.34) | 800/1257 | 9271/16 524 | 1.27 (1.12–1.43) | 2096/3210 | 24 564/38 103 | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) |
| Monitoring | Outpatient blood monitoring within 90 days | 1596/2636 | 24 460/41 660 | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 1046/1542 | 15 757 /22 914 |
0.87 (0.87–0.98) | 562/769 | 7890/10 435 | 0.80 (0.68–0.95) | 1370/2346 | 17 383/27 241 | 0.84 (0.77–0.92) |
| Diabetes urine protein screen within 1 year | 223/331 | 2603/3692 | 0.87 (0.68–1.11) | 208/285 | 2472 /3488 |
1.07 (0.82–1.41) | 145/189 | 1617/2247 | 1.18 (0.83–1.68) | 268/412 | 3110/4671 | 0.95 (0.77–1.18) | |
| RAAS prescription after MI or heart failure within 1 year | 220/315 | 2939/4264 | 0.91 (0.71–1.18) | 167/267 | 2409 /3720 |
0.79 (0.61–1.03) | 95/170 | 1288/2300 | 0.92 (0.67–1.27) | 211/371 | 2691/4649 | 0.81 (0.65–1.01) | |
| Referrals | Specialty renal clinic referral within 1 year | 93/2636 | 1199/41 660 | 0.88 (0.70–1.10) | 122/1542 | 1289 /22 914 |
1.04 (0.84–1.28) | 131769 | 1461/10 435 | 0.92 (0.74–1.14) | 135/2346 | 1429/27 241 | 1.06 (0.88–1.28) |
| At least one specialty clinic non-attendance within 1 year | 400/2636 | 3169/41 660 | 1.74 (1.55–1.95) | 272/1542 | 2203 /22 914 |
1.60 (1.38–1.85) | 156/769 | 1316/10 435 | 1.40 (1.15–1.70) | 540/2346 | 3909/27 241 | 1.49 (1.34–1.66) | |
| Health care use | Emergency department use within 1 year | 414/1772 | 2511/27 521 | 1.44 (1.28–1.62) | 252/1019 | 2963 /14 858 |
1.26 (1.09–1.47) | 132/506 | 1585/6628 | 1.09 (0.89–1.35) | 467/1518 | 4007/17 547 | 1.44 (1.28–1.62) |
| Unscheduled hospitalisation within 1 year | 776/2636 | 9027/41 660 | 1.38 (1.26–1.51) | 581/1542 | 7099 /22 914 |
1.25 (1.12–1.40) | 350/769 | 4394/10 435 | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 966/2346 | 9557/27 241 | 1.34 (1.23–1.46) | |
| Emergency department days within 1 year, mean (SD) | 0.40 (1.08) | 0.25 (0.83) | RR 1.45 (1.28–1.64) | 0.40 (1.00) | 0.30 (0.82) | RR 1.21 (1.04–1.41) | 0.44 (1.11) | 0.37 (0.87) | RR 1.10 (0.89–1.36) | 0.61 (1.49) | 0.41 (1.30) | RR 1.34 (1.17–1.52) | |
| Unscheduled acute hospital days within 1 year, mean (SD) | 5.1 (17.1) | 3.7 (14.5) | RR 1.31 (1.13–1.51) | 6.8 (19.1) | 6.1 (18.6) | RR 1.11 (0.96–1.30) | 10.2 (26.2) | 9.1 (22.2) | RR 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | 8.3 (23.2) | 7.0 (19.7) | RR 1.28 (1.13–1.45) | |
MI, myocardial infarction; OR, odds ratio (from logistic regression); RR, rate ratio (from negative binomial regression with robust CIs).
Emergency department data available from 2014 onwards
Statistically significant values are in bold.