Table 6.
Skeletal malformations found in the offspring of females treated with the ethanolic extract of S. lachnostachys (EESl)
| Skeletal Malformation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental groups (mg/kg) | ||||
| Parameters | Control | EESl 100 | EESl 1000 | |
| Analyzed fetuses | 45 | 44 | 55 | |
| Normal Fetuses | 18 | 11 | 20 | |
| Members | ||||
| Anterior phalanges | Absence | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Reduced number | 4 | 2 | 2 | |
| Posterior phalanges | Absence | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Reduced number | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Freq.Malf | 5 | 8 | 5 | |
| % M.F | 11.11 | 18.18 | 9.10 | |
| MTC | Reduced number | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| MTT | Reduced number | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Freq.Malf | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| %M.F | 0 | 4.55 | 0 | |
| Sternum | ||||
| Sternum Bones | O.R. Last Center Sternal | 19 | 22 | 33 |
| Absence of the Last Sternal Center | 1 | 6 | 3 | |
| Absence | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Freq.Malf | 20 | 29 | 36 | |
| %M.F | 44.44 | 65.90* | 65.45* | |
| Cranium | ||||
| Nasal | R.O | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| Parietal | R.O | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Interparietal | R.O | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Supraoccipital | R.O | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Volmer | R.O | 3 | 8 | 0 |
| Palate | R.O | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| Basisphenoid | Absence | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Hamate | Absence | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Frontal | R.O | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Freq.Malf | 4 | 26* | 18* | |
| % M.F | 8.89 | 59.09* | 32.73* | |
Legend: MTC metacarpal, MTT metatarsal, R.O Reduced Ossification, Freq.Malf Frequency of Malformations, % F.M— the percentage of fetuses with malformation
*Statistical difference (Statistical test: Chi-square; p < 0.05)