Table 1.

Group allocation criteria used during initial recruitment of participants

Group	Criteria
C	1) A control group comprised of non-resistance trained healthy males.
RT	1) History of resistance training ≥ 8 h a week 2) Self-reported as never using any PEDs.
RT-AS	1) History of resistance training ≥ 8 h a week 2) Self-reported to using exogenous AAS (i.e., synthetic AAS), supraphysiological dosages of injectable testosterone (> 100 mg/week) or a closely related AAS compound (i.e., AAS pro-hormones or SARMs) < 52 weeks prior to their first sampling date.
PREV	1) History of resistance training ≥ 8 h a week 2) Self-reported to ceasing usage of exogenous AAS (i.e., synthetic AAS), supraphysiological dosages of injectable testosterone (> 100 mg/week) or a closely related AAS compound (i.e., AAS pro-hormones or SARMs) ≥ 52 weeks prior to their sampling date and not exceeded any clinical recommendations for TRT(24, 25) during this period of absence.

AAS: Anabolic androgenic steroids; PED: Performance Enhancing Drug; SARMs: Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators; TRT: Testosterone Replacement Therapy