Table 1.

In vivo effect of A₁ and A_2a Adenosine Receptor Antagonists on serum insulin concentration, liver glycogen content and Homeostatic assessment model

	Serum insulin concentration (ρmol/L)	Homeostatic assessment model		Liver glycogen content (mg/g tissue)
		HOMA-IR	HOMA-β
NC	70.63 ± 1.45a	1.65 ± 0.09a	313 ± 10.43a	20.87 ± 1.92a
DBC	34.51 ± 2.34e	3.86 ± 0.45e	5.6 ± 0,34f	4.24 ± 1.10e
DBI	58.17 ± 3.26b	1.84 ± 0,1b	75.76 ± 11.67b	17.83 ± 1,14b
DCA	45.90 ± 2,18d	2.02 ± 0.87bc	28.73 ± 6.23d	14.63 ± 1.39c
DIS	49.83 ± 1.04 cd	2.19 ± 0.76c	31.21 ± 5.75d	9.68 ± 0.58d
DPX	40.80 ± 2.02e	2.73 ± 0.35 cd	13.05 ± 0.95e	9.44 ± 0.74d
DMF	44.96 ± 3.45de	2.4 ± 0.98d	19.3 ± 9.45e	13.11 ± 1.03c
DGT	52.75 ± 2.97c	1.88 ± 0.23b	50.47 ± 2.74c	13.55 ± 1.46c

Results are expressed as mean ± SD of six rats. ^a−e Different superscripts alphabets down the column indicate the significant difference (Tukey’s-HSD multiple range post hoc test, P < 0.05)

NC, Normal Control; DBC, Diabetic Control; DBI, Diabetic + 2-BI; DCA, Diabetic + caffeine; DIS, Diabetic + istradefylline; DPX, Diabetic + DPXPC; DBM, Diabetic Metformin; DGT, Diabetic + pioglitazone