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. 2023 May 4;18:48. doi: 10.1186/s13020-023-00750-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Metabolic profilings of serum and synovial fluid samples obtained from RA-Cold and RA-Hot patients. A PCA and PLS-DA score plots of metabolic profiling data for RA-Cold and RA-Hot groups. B–D Potential metabolic markers detected by GC–MS, sorted according to VIP values, are marked in bright blue as differential metabolites in synovial fluid, and dark blue as differential metabolites in serum. Dotrod-heatmap of potential metabolic markers in synovial fluid (E) and serum (F) detected by LC–MS. On the left is a scatter plot, which represents the VIP values and categories of metabolites, with different colors representing different metabolite categories. The right heat map represents the expression of metabolites in different groups. The red and blue markers represent the content. The redder (blue) the color is, the higher the content (lower). Both final differential metabolites were selected by VIP_plsda> 1, fold change > 2 or < 0.5, P-value < 0.05