Table 2.

The results of critical appraisal of included studies

Study	Research question	appropriateness of the methodology	appropriateness of the methodology	Recruitment strategy	Data collection	Reflexivity	Ethical issues	Data analysis	Findings	Contribution to knowledge	score
1 Nesane, K., S.M [15]	+	+	+	-	±	-	+	+	+	+	10
2 Teklesilasie, W. [16]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	10
3 Gibore, N.S. [17]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	10
4 Ongolly, F.K. [20]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	9
5 Kwambai, T.K., et al. [30]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	±	+	+	10
6 Nyondo, A.L., A.F., et a l [31]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	10
7 Adongo, P.B., et al. [32]	+	+	+	+	±	-	+	±	+	+	8
8 Kabagenyi, A., et al. [33]	+	+	+	+	+	±	+	±	+	+	9
9 Dral, A.A., et al. [34]	+	+	+	+	±	-	+	+	+	+	9
10 Adejoh, S.O., A, et al. [35]	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	±	+	±	8
11 Auvinen, J., et al. [35]	+	+	+	+	±	±	+	±	+	+	8
12 Mohlala, B.K., S. et al. [36]	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	±	±	-	7
13 Falnes, E.F., et al. [37]	+	+	+	±	±	+	+	±	+	+	9
14 Gill, M.M., et al. [38]	+	+	+	+	±	-	+	+	+	±	8
15 Jungari, S.et al. [39]	+	+	+	±	±	-	+	±	+	±	7
16 MirzaiiNajmabadi, K., et al. [40]	+	+	+	+	+	±	+	+	+	+	10
17 Dovel, K., et al. [41]	+	+	+	+	±	-	+	±	+	+	8
18 Kashaija, D.K [42]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	10
19 Ladur, A.N.et al. [43]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	10
20 Kaida, A., et al. [44]	+	+	+	±	±	±	+	±	+	±	8
Maluka, S.O., et al. [45]	+	+	+	+	±	+	+	±	+	+	9
McEvoy, R., et al. [23]	+	+	+	+	±	+	+	+	+	+	10
Lowe, M., [46]	+	+	+	+	±	+	+	+	+	+	10
Gibore, N.S., et al. [8]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	10
Aborigo, R.A., et al. [19]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	10
Mkandawire, E., et al. [47]	+	+	+	+	±	+	+	+	+	±	9
Firouzan, V., et al. [18]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	10
Greenspan, J.A., et al. [48]	+	+	+	+	±	+	+	+	+	+	10
Ganle, J.K. [49]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	10
Sakala, D., et al. [50]	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	9
Gopal, P., et al. [51]	+	+	+	+	±	+	+	+	+	+	10
Shahjahan, M, et al. [52]	+	+	+	±	±	-	±	±	+	±	6
Sharma S et al. [53]	+	+	+	+	±	-	+	+	+	+	9
Vermeulen, E., et al. [54]	+	+	+	+	±	+	+	+	+	+	10
Sharma, S. et al. [55]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	10
Dumbaugh M et al. [56]	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	8
Yeganeh N et al. [57]	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	8
Willcox ML et al. [58]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	9
Mapunda B et al. [59]	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	9
Okafor IP et al. [60]	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	8
Sakala D et al. [50]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	9
Forbes F et al. [61]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	9
Davis J et al. [3]	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	8
Sharma V et al. [53]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	9
Koffi TBet al [62]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	10
Dychtwald DK et al. [63]	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	8
Shongwe P et al. [64]	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	8