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. 2023 Apr 20;14:1164788. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1164788

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Copyright © 2023 Liu, Chen, Deng, Yang, Zheng, Zhou, Xu, Xie, Ju, Wang, Zhang and Zhou

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Prevalence of metabolic disease and each component of metabolic disease according to NAD⁺ levels. Metabolic disease is defined as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hyperuricemia, obesity, or NAFLD among the whole participants. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; *indicates p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; Comparison between 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th vs 1^st quartile of the NAD⁺ levels.