Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Prior placebo food | Prior active food | p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | years | 53.6 | ± | 7.3 | 51.9 | ± | 5.0 | 0.562 |
| Height | cm | 166.1 | ± | 4.6 | 169.8 | ± | 5.2 | 0.141 |
| Weight | kg | 65.7 | ± | 7.8 | 65.5 | ± | 3.5 | 0.963 |
| BMI | kg/m2 | 23.8 | ± | 2.4 | 22.8 | ± | 1.8 | 0.356 |
| Soft lean mass | kg | 47.5 | ± | 4.8 | 46.6 | ± | 2.4 | 0.604 |
| Body fat | % | 23.2 | ± | 4.0 | 24.5 | ± | 3.5 | 0.488 |
| BP systolic | mmHg | 122.5 | ± | 13.4 | 124.2 | ± | 14.1 | 0.799 |
| BP diastolic | mmHg | 77.8 | ± | 7.2 | 81.9 | ± | 9.9 | 0.338 |
| Heart rate | bpm | 68.1 | ± | 7.5 | 71.6 | ± | 9.3 | 0.405 |
| Muscle strength | ㎏ | 72.3 | ± | 36.4 | 68.1 | ± | 18.0 | 0.755 |
| Number of squat set | sets | 5.0 | ± | 0.0 | 5.0 | ± | 0.0 | - |
| Muscle soreness VAS | mm | 59.9 | ± | 23.2 | 58.7 | ± | 27.6 | 0.921 |
The maximum knee extension force during isometric muscle contraction of both legs was measured using a leg muscle strength measuring chair. Participants performed a maximum of five sets of 40 bodyweight squats. Muscle soreness was assessed with VAS on the following day of bodyweight squats.
p-value is for inter-group comparisons by t-test.
Prior placebo food group: n = 8; Prior active food group: n = 10.
Data are presented as mean ± SD. BMI: body mass index, BP: blood pressure.