Table 3.
Muscle soreness VAS.
| Day 1 |
Day 2 |
Day 3 | Day 4 | Day 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | Just after | 2 hrs after | Upon rising | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD (mm) | Active | 4.7 | ± | 4.7 | 32.0 | ± | 25.0 | 24.0 | ± | 16.5 | 30.3 | ± | 22.9 | 31.4 | ± | 23.4 | 26.8 | ± | 21.2 | 18.2 | ± | 15.7 | 11.5 | ± | 13.1 | |
| Placebo | 6.5 | ± | 8.0 | 45.8 | ± | 27.6 | 25.1 | ± | 17.0 | 34.7 | ± | 16.8 | 33.2 | ± | 17.0 | 27.3 | ± | 20.9 | 15.5 | ± | 13.9 | 8.7 | ± | 8.9 | ||
| p-value | Mixed Model | Group effect | 0.056 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time effect | 0.002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interaction effect | 0.032 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dunnett’s test | - | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.012 | 0.676 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sidak’s multiple comparisons test | >0.999 | <0.001 | >0.999 | 0.830 | >0.999 | >0.999 | 0.988 | 0.987 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Difference | Mean | 13.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 95% CI | 4.2 | ∼ | 23.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cohen’s d | 0.678 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
the active group: n = 18, the placebo group: n = 18.
Before: before the exercise load, Just after: just after the exercise load, 2 hrs after: 2 hours after the exercise load.
Difference: values of the placebo group minus the active group.