Table 1. .

Examples of four trials in the audience design task for two different addressees

Addressee	Test trial: Unknown condition			Control trial: Known condition
	Target	Example of paraphrasing	Competitor	Target
6-year-old child	Corset	The beige thing that looks like a dress	Bikini	Banana
91-year-old person	Drone	The machine with four propellers	Helicopter	Recorder

Note. For the test trials, the competitor object and an example of a paraphrase indicating that the participant has succeeded in taking the addressee’s perspective are given. The two objects are shown in Figure S2. In this example, the object to be named was a corset (the competitor was a bikini), and when the addressee was a small child, an appropriate label would be the beige thing that looks like a dress, whereas a pragmatically inappropriate label would be undergarment since a child probably does not know what a corset’s function is, and bikini also fits this label.