Table 1.
The demographic and clinical characteristics of the human participants for the ELISA. At‐risk indicates non‐cancerous carcinoma diseases, including chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis. AFP, alpha‐fetoprotein; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; CRC, colorectal cancer; ESCC, esophageal cancer; GC, gastric cancer; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IA, inapplicable; NA, not available; NC, normal control; SD, standard deviation.
| Characteristics | Test set | Training set | Validation set | Specific validation set | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCC, n (%) | NC, n (%) | HCC, n (%) | NC, n (%) | HCC, n (%) | NC, n (%) | Cirrhosis, n (%) | CHB, n (%) | GC, n (%) | ESCC, n (%) | CRC, n (%) | NC, n (%) | |
| Sample size | 80 | 80 | 220 | 220 | 160 | 160 | 157 | 96 | 80 | 120 | 66 | 186 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Male | 56 (70.0) | 56 (70.0) | 175 (79.5) | 175 (79.5) | 127 (79.4) | 127 (79.4) | 125 (79.6) | 79 (82.3) | 59 (74.2) | 89 (74.2) | 32 (48.5) | 121 (65.1) |
| Female | 24 (30.0) | 24 (30.0) | 45 (20.5) | 45 (20.5) | 33 (20.6) | 33 (20.6) | 32 (20.4) | 17 (17.7) | 21 (25.8) | 31 (25.8) | 34 (51.5) | 31 (34.9) |
| Age | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 54.0 ± 10.6 | 54.0 ± 10.5 | 54.0 ± 11.4 | 54.0 ± 11.2 | 53.9 ± 11.8 | 53.9 ± 11.7 | 54.0 ± 9.8 | 51.0 ± 9.0 | 64.2 ± 9.2 | 64.4 ± 9.7 | 59.7 ± 30.5 | 61.7 ± 16.1 |
| Age range | 26–79 | 25–78 | 20–83 | 21–82 | 20–82 | 21–83 | 20–79 | 23–80 | 40–74 | 41–87 | 28–89 | 28–89 |
| TNM, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| I + II | 48 (60.0) | IA | 99 (45.0) | IA | 70 (43.8) | IA | IA | IA | 24 (30.0) | 20 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | IA |
| III + IV | 32 (40.0) | IA | 75 (34.1) | IA | 56 (35.0) | IA | IA | IA | 17 (21.3) | 23 (19.2) | 0 (0.0) | IA |
| NA | 0 (0.0) | IA | 46 (20.9) | IA | 34 (21.2) | IA | IA | IA | 39 (48.7) | 77 (64.2) | 66 (100.0) | IA |
| AFP, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| ≥ 20 ng·mL−1 | 55 (68.7) | 0 (0.0) | 118 (53.6) | 3 (0.1) | 87 (54.4) | 2 (1.3) | 39 (24.8) | 26 (27.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| < 20 ng·mL−1 | 25 (31.3) | 80 (100.0) | 84 (38.2) | 85 (39.1) | 67 (41.9) | 85 (53.1) | 63 (40.1) | 42 (43.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| NA | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (8.2) | 132 (60.0) | 6 (3.7) | 73 (45.6) | 55 (35.0) | 28 (29.2) | 80 (100.0) | 120 (100.0) | 66 (100.0) | 186 (100.0) |
| CHB, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| No | 22 (27.5) | 80 (100.0) | 56 (25.5) | 220 (100.0) | 33 (20.6) | 1 60 (100.0) | 43 (27.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Yes | 58 (72.5) | 0 (0.0) | 133 (60.5) | 0 (0.0) | 109 (68.1) | 0 (0.0) | 65 (41.4) | 96 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 31 (14.1) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (11.3) | 0 (0.0) | 49 (312) | 0 (0.0) | 80 (100.0) | 120 (100.0) | 66 (100.0) | 186 (100.0) |