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. 2023 Apr 20;14:1048929. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1048929

Table 3.

Characteristics of the case series and qualitative studies and background detail of near-death experiencers (N = 27).

Number References Title of article Number of cases Age of the NDEr at the time of the NDE Sex Religious/cultural/ social background Cause of NDEs Experiences
1 Lindley et al. (1981) Near-death experiences in a Pacific Northwest American population: the Evergreen study. Anabiosis 55 N/C 31 female (62%)
19 men (34%)
(5 non-experiencers not included)
The respondents were Caucasian.
The proportion of non-religious and Protestant respondents was higher.
It was very different in the participants such as (accidents, suicide, and illness) 1. I felt very good and all the pain was just gone instantly.
2. Words commonly used to describe this stage are “peace,” “happiness,” “painlessness,” and “tranquility.”
3. Floating in the air about 5 feet above the end of the hospital bed.
4. Understanding all movements, people, and objects that could not be aware of their existence.
5. body-separation phase.
6. The awareness shifts from the external environment to the inner setting.
7. Some people find themselves moving through a void of blackness.
8. Travel through a long tunnel.
9. “Encountering the light.” This light is almost inevitably described as brilliantly white or golden.
10. Hellish and Negative Experiences.
11. The decision to return may be voluntary. However, the decision to return is not voluntary. Many reports fighting the return to their bodies.
12. Decision to return may involve a period of confusion and bargaining between the experience, the guide, and “God Himself.”
13. The Life Review.
2 Morse et al. (1985). Near-death experiences in a pediatric population a preliminary report 8 16 Child With devout Mormon parent During arthrotomy and CPR 1. Sense of Peace
2. Moving to the top of a dark staircase
3. Decide to return
6 Child The parents follow traditional Christian beliefs, but are not members of any church, and there was no family teaching about the existence of the soul or the afterlife. Cardiac arrest 1. Recalling memories during coma
2. Out-of-body experience
3. The experience of being suspended
4. Tunnel experience
5. Seeing a bright light
6. A sense of peace
11 Child Her family are devout Christians who attend church regularly and believe in the existence of a soul and an afterlife. Cardiac arrest 1. Having a bad dream
2. Being blamed for doing something wrong
8 Child The patient attends the protestant Sunday school once a month Hyperosmolar coma 1. Out-of-body experience
2. Feeling of floating
3. Seeing yourself from outside the body
4. Seeing the surroundings and doctors
5. Sense of fear
4 Child Not practicing Christian Closed-head injury N/C
10 Child N/C Near-drowning survivor N/C
16 N/C N/C Cardiopulmonary arrest N/C
11 Child Devout Christian with twice-weekly church attendance N/C N/C
3 Schorer (1985) 2 native American near-death experiences 2 N/C N/C N/C Shot in battle 1. Out-of-body experience
2. Observing the mourning of those around you
3. Try to communicate with others
4. The decision to return to the material body
5. Encountering certain creatures
N/C N/C N/C N/C 1. Journey to Heaven
2. Meeting people
3. Failure to examine life
4 Herzog and Herrin (1985) Near-death experiences in the very young 2 6-months Child N/C Critical condition: renal failure and severe circulatory failure 1. Tunnel panic, a few months after his discharge
2. During the panic period, the patient talks fast, is unnecessarily scared, and overwhelmed
3. Expressing expressions that recognize death in relation to passing through the tunnel
7 Child N/C Renal failure, seizure, cardiac arrest 1. Expression of near-death experience
2. Recalling the experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
5 Pasricha and Stevenson (1986) Near-death experiences in India a preliminary report 4 10 Female She had been a pious woman who read scripture that included a description of Yamraj Paratyphoid disease 1. Meet others
2. Feeling tired
3. Meet Yamraj
4. An error in summoning the dead person
30 Male N/C Typhoid 1. Meet others
2. See the new environment
3. Trying to escape
4. Damage by other people
5. An error in summoning the dead person
6. Forming a brand on the knee a few days after returning to life
7. Reinforcement of belief in God
8. To move against the will
34 Male N/C Fever 1. Meeting people
2. Meeting with God
3. Reluctance to return
4. Becoming more honest after the NDE
5. To move against the will
74 Male N/C None (during sleep) 1. Meeting people
2. To move against the will
3. Hearing voices
4. An error occurred in summoning a dead person
5. Severe burning sensation after regaining consciousness
6 Serdahely (1987) The near-death experiences is the presence always the higher self 3 35-year-old woman had an NDE when she was 10 or 12 years old Female She is a member of the Catholic Church She doesn't speak French but interprets the experience through the use of a few, selects French phrases. Child and sexual abuse 1. The departure of the soul from the body and displacement
2. Enter the darkness
3. Encountering the presence of a woman with a sense of motherhood
4. The feeling of unconditional love
5. A sense of calmness and guidance
6. The desire to return to the material body
7. A sense of mission
8. Out-of-body experience
9. Absence of any question in mind
27-year-old woman explores an experience that happened to her when she was 5 years old Female She is a member of the Catholic Church. She doesn't speak French but interprets the experience through the use of a few, selects French phrases. Child abuse 1. Out-of-body experience
2. Facing multiple people
3. Encountering the Virgin Mary who takes care of him
4. Understanding a mission on Earth
N/C Female N/C being molested 1. Out-of-body experience
2. The absence of another presence
7 Irwin (1987) Out-of-body experiences in the blind 3 59 Female N/C Stroke 1. She reported once feeling very frustrated while watching television and then suddenly seeming to be walking on the window ledge
90 Female N/C Degenerative condition Once while in a “~stressful situation” she had the impression that “mind seemed to be elevated from the body.”
No other details of the experience were recorded by the interviewer, and in particular it is not known if the experience had any visual content.
56 Female With a congenital deficit Bleeding 1. Out- of- body experience.
2. She reported the impression of floating near the ceiling and looking down to see doctors working on her body.
3. The subject also had the feeling she could not leave through the ceiling and notes her exteriorized self repeatedly bumped into the ceiling.
4. She had the (not uncommon) reaction of scorn for her physical self during the experience.
5. More unusually, although she had been married for some 13 years at the time, she thought of herself by her maiden name.
6. The end of the OBE was marked by the experience of falling rapidly, then opening her eyes to find herself back in bed.
8 Serdahely (1990) Pediatric near-death experiences 4 7 Child (boy) N/C He fell from a fishing bridge into a lagoon below 1. He floated out of his body.
2. He found himself in a dark, black tunnel.
3. He did not encounter any other spirits or presence while in the tunnel.
4. All of close relatives were alive at the time of his NDE.
5. He did not see a light at the end of the tunnel, but did see white clouds up above the tunnel.
6. When asked about a life review while in the tunnel, he said he did not have one.
7. When asked about time during his NDE, he replied: “~Time doesn't exist.”
10 Child (girl) N/C
Her sister related that she had been clinically dead for ~30 s.
After recovering from spinal surgery heartbeat and respiration suddenly stopped 1. She said she felt “~peaceful,” “~relaxed,” and pain-free during her NDE.
2. Seeing a “whitish blue light” at the tunnel's end that drew her to it.
3. When asked if there was “~time” during her NDE, she said she was not sure whether or not time stood still.
17 Child (girl) N/C An acute asthma attack and seizure 1. Suddenly, two “light figures” (her words) came to her. These beings were of the same bright light she saw at the tunnel's end.
2. As they were traveling down the tunnel, images from her past floated over her head.
3. The most memorable image was that of her father swinging her. Then saw her mother and how sad her mother and her Other relatives would be if she died. She felt “worried” for her family should she die.
4. She reported that it was difficult to judge time during her NDE.
5. She mentioned that the NDE “happened fast,” but that the light figures seemed to be going slowly.
4 Child (boy) N/C He fell off a high diving board and landed on his head on the concrete below 1. Floating out of his body, he saw his mother below, holding him. He next found himself in a cloudiness or a fog.
2. Then a shaft of light that was bright, warm, and “yellow like the sun” penetrated the fog and surrounded him.
3. Out-of-body experience was at first scary, but then he felt he was with “~Triends” (his word), at which point he felt peaceful and pain-free.
4. A warm hand touched his shoulder as he looked at his body below, preventing him from turning around. A comforting, loving male voice, coming from the presence whose hand was on his shoulder, told him: “This is not your time. Do you want to go back or stay here?”
5. Who he thought might have been Jesus (he equivocate here).
9 Schnaper and Panitz (1990) Near-death experiences: perception is reality 2 40 Female N/C N/C She was on a stretcher in a corridor near an elevator and began to see “transparent” images of many people of all ages, in all sorts of garb. Regularly, groups would get on the elevator and leave, “like it was this day's toll of death.” She concluded that these people were dying and that because she was not put on the elevator, “my time had not come.”
Felt incarcerated and was “always trying to escape” by pull in the needles out of her arms.
30 Male N/C crushed chest In a “dream” he had peed in bed and believed this was the reason people disliked him. He was unaware that the catheter was in place the entire time he was in the unit.
In one of Mr. B.'s dreams, he had two brothers, Hercules and Colossus, who were wearing armor and protecting him. As he was about to be transferred from University Hospital, he heard the word “university” and thought about playing football with his brothers, perhaps on another university team. In fact, he had no brothers and his education was limited to the 11th grade. When questioned, he admitted that he had difficulty distinguishing reality from dreams, and strongly gave more credence to fantasy.
In his sleep, he seemed to be looking at the TV screen. There he saw his wife wearing a black veil and his children standing in the cemetery. He could see the tombstone in front of them. His name was engraved on it. Remembering this dream, even at this later date, is still for Mr. B. It was extremely painful
10 Walker et al. (1991) Three near-death experiences with premonitions of what could have been 3 A 35-year-old who had an NDE at the age of 4 Female N/C Extremely ill with influenza and bronchitis 1. Out-of-body experience
2. Move to the ceiling
3. The feeling of floating
4. To see the future
5. Sense of peace
6. Trying to get back into your body
7. Passing through walls
8. Absence of pain
8- or 9-year-old who talks about her experience at the age of 30 Female N/C Feel of drowning 1. Seeing a bright light
2. The feeling of love
3. Understanding the presence of God
4. Understanding the presence of angels
5. Go fast on the road and stop at home
6. Seeing parents mourning next to their dead bodies
17 and half years old who experience NDE at the age of 15 Female N/C Respiratory distress 1. Tunnel experience
2. Seeing a bright light
3. Understanding the friendly presence of others
4. Feeling of floating
5. Life review
6. To see the future
7. Observing the mourning of family members
8. Out-of-body experience
9. The feeling satisfied
11 Ring (1991) Amazing grace: the near-death experience as a compensatory gift 5 N/C Female I was raised in a non-observant Conservative Jewish family in an overwhelmingly Jewish neighborhood in Philadelphia.
I went through my teens as an atheist
During the wake after being discharged from the hospital due to the accident 1. Sense of peace
2. The feeling of floating
3. Move to the ceiling
4. Out-of-body experience
5. Seeing your body from outside the body
6. Seeing someone brilliant
7. Having a guide for the trip
8. Seeing religious people (Christ)
9. Seeing a bright light
10. Changing the nature of time
11. Tunnel experience
12. Being in a new environment
13. Increasing awareness
14. The feeling of love, peace and joy
15. Absence of pain
N/C Female N/C During the wake and mourning the loss of loved ones When I was about six or so, I began to have the experience of dejavu
1. Out-of-body experience
2. The feeling of floating
3. Seeing a bright light
4. Communication with the dead
5. Seeing your body from outside the body
35 Male N/C Overdose 1. Out-of-body experience
2. Move to the ceiling
3. Seeing your body from outside the body
4. Awareness of events happening around
5. Increasing awareness
6. Sense of peace
7. Seeing a bright light
8. Life review
9. Changing the nature of time
N/C Male “A childhood faith in some sort of divine Father had been eroded by alcohol and materialism very early in life, and my logical mind would not accept what it could not rationalize.” During surgery 1. Out-of-body experience
2. Tunnel experience
3. Seeing a bright light
4. The experience of flying at high speed
5. Hear the sound
6. Understand peace
7. Increase the power of sensory perception
8. Absence of pain
9. Understanding the presence of another
10. Being in a new environment
11. Seeing angels
12. Meeting with the dead
13. Having a travel guide
14. Lack of authority to return or stay
15. Changing the nature of time
N/C Male He told that: “I don't believe in God, and I never go to church with its empty rituals and dogmas containing only vague and distorted reminiscences of the real thing.” N/C 1. Seeing bright light
2. Understanding love
3. Understanding the presence of others
4. Life review
5. Understanding the feeling of freedom
6. Changing the nature of time
7. Understanding the presence of religious figures (God, Christ)
8. Increased awareness and alertness
12 Zhi-Ying and Jian-Xun (1992) Near-death experiences among survivors of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake 81 Subjects' ages at the time of the earthquake averaged 31.4 years (S.D. = 11.3), with a range of 12–60 years. Four subjects (5 percent) were younger than 18 years old at that time; 51 (63%) were between 19 and 30 years old; and 26 (32 percent) were older than 30 years. N/C Of the 81 subjects, 79 (98 percent) were Han people and 2 (2 percent) were Moslems. Earthquake 1. The feeling estranged from the body
2. Unusually vivid thoughts
3. Loss of emotions
4. Unusual bodily sensations
5. Life seeming like a dream
6. The feeling of dying
7. The feeling of peace or euphoria
8. The life review or “panoramic memory”
9. Thinking unusually fast
10. Time seeming to go faster than usual
11. An out-of-body experience
12. Sensation of the world being exterminated
13. A sense of weightlessness
14. One's self-feeling unreal
15. Senses unusually vivid
16. Sudden understanding
17. Seeing deceased or religious figures
18. Thought, movement not under conscious control
19. The feeling of being pulled or squeezed
20. An unearthly realm of existence
21. Being controlled by an external force
22. Senses blurred or dull
23. Ambivalence about death
24. The feeling detached from one's surroundings
25. Being judged or held accountable
26. The world seeming unreal
27. Time seeming to slow down or stop
28. Visions of the future
29. The feeling of cosmic unity
30. Tunnel-like dark region
31. Thinking blurred or dull
32. A border or point of no return
33. An unnaturally brilliant light
34. A feeling of having been dead
35. Extrasensory perception (ESP)
36. Meaningful sounds
37. A feeling of joy or pleasantness
38. Meaningful visions
39. Feeling of being a different person
40. Unusual scents
13 Blackmore (1993) Near-death experiences in india: they have tunnels too 5 50 Female N/C Concussion and loss of consciousness for a few moments 1. I was going through complete blackness.
2. There was a tingling sound of tiny bells in my ears.
3. The feeling was of complete relief and lightness.
4. It was not at all a feeling of deep slumber.
5. I said I was feeling ecstasy.
72 Male N/C During angiography associated with a bypass operation I suddenly got a feeling that someone was calling me away-almost saying “~now you have to go”- that your time “~here” is over.
I cannot quite describe it-it was such a confused experience, but definitely I thought 4 or 5 figures were beckoning me to “go away” from this world.
36 Male He has had this near-death experience several times. Severe palpitations twice came close to death 1. I seemed to be floating in a dark space.
2. I felt totally at peace.
62 Male N/C He had a high fever and cough and was in a coma for 6–7 h. 1. He wrote it is so clearly imprinted on his subconscious mind that, even to this day, he can remember it as though it happened.
2. I was being flown away and up by two winged creatures (angels or fairies?) toward the higher skies.
3. It was an extremely exhilarating journey for my body and soul and I was fully enjoying the same.
N/C N/C N/C Accidentally electrocuted I felt “~myself' light as a feather, shooting upwards at an indescribable speed-which can never be measured by the words “~speed” or “~time” and there, below me, above me, surrounding me on all sides were lights of all colors-shining spots which were not moving with me.
63 Male Cardiac arrest while being operated (liver abscess) 1. I traveled a few million miles away in an unknown space from the [operating] theater within a split of a second.
2. I was being loved, the love I had never experienced before, nor am experiencing after that event.
3. I feel I was beyond time and space.
14 Schoenbeck (1993) Exploring the mystery of near-death experiences 4 N/C Female N/C During awakening 1. Seeing things beyond the sight of others
2. Meeting the dead
3. Changing the nature of time
4. Awareness of impending death
5. Having a guide for the trip
N/C Female N/C Multiple myeloma 1. Meeting the dead
2. Awareness of impending death
3. Having a guide for the trip
4. See the tunnel
5. Ability to decide to return
N/C Female N/C Bone marrow transplant 1. Seeing a bright light
2. Seeing religious people (Christ)
3. Awareness of impending death
4. Out of body experience
5. Tunnel experience
6. Ability to decide to return
N/C Female N/C Intubation 1. The experience of being suspended
2. Awareness of the environment outside the hospital room
15 Greyson (1997) The near-death experience as a focus of clinical attention 4 26-years old who had NDE 20 years before Female N/C Near-drowning 1. Out-of-body experience
2. Tunnel experience
3. Encountering non-physical beings and communicating with them
4. Increasing awareness and science
5. Awareness of the future
6. Returning to life against the inner desire
A 24-year-old who experienced an NDE at age 17 Male N/C Near-drowning 1. Hearing the cries and screams of tormented souls while visiting the site of the former Nazi concentration camp in Germany
2. Life review
3. Seeing scenes from the future
14 Child N/C Cardiopulmonary resuscitation after electrocution 1. An NDE with a view of heaven and hell
2. Meeting with Christ
3. Meeting with the dead
4. Meeting with evil being
30 Male N/C Post-operating hemorrhage 1. Sense of unconditional love
16 Ring and Cooper (1997) Near-death and out-of-body experiences in the blind: a study of apparent eyeless vision 31 Ages ranged from 22 to 70 years 20 Female
11 male
They were all Caucasian, overwhelmingly Christian with respect to their original religious tradition, but varied greatly regarding their educational attainment and occupation. Of our NDErs, 13 had their experience in connection with an illness or a surgical procedure; six as a result of an accident, usually involving an automobile; two were mugged; one was nearly killed by being raped; one almost perished in combat; and one survived a suicide attempt. (The totals here are 24 experiences since three persons had two separate NDEs each and were therefore counted twice in these tabulations.) 1. Feelings of great peace and wellbeing that attend the experience.
2. The sense of separation from the physical body.
3. The experience of traveling through a tunnel or dark space.
4. The encounter with the light.
4. The life review
5. Being in a place full of light and full of love (everything was from love and reflected love)
6. Meeting with Christ and asking the experiencer to return to life, but not accepting the request, and then she returned to her body by force and with pain and severity.
7. Hearing noise or music, in seven
8. Seeing one's own physical body
9. Meeting others, such as spirits, angels, or religious personages
10. Seeing a radiant light
17 Murphy (2001) Near-death experiences in Thailand 10 N/C N/C N/C N/C 1. Seeing religious figures
2. Meeting with the dead
3. Out-of-body experience
4. Tunnel experience
5. Being in a new environment
6. Inappropriate time to die
18 Knoblauch et al. (2001) Different kinds of near-death experience: a Report on a survey of near-death experiences in Germany 82 The average age of the experiencers was 36 years 41 men and 41 women had NDE N/C Less than 50 percent of the respondents claimed to have been in a life-threatening situation when experiencing an NDE, and only 6 percent claimed to have been clinically dead. 50 percent of the NDErs reported positive emotions, and 43 percent had negative emotions.
1. Full mental awareness
2. Wonderful feelings
3. Entering another realm
4. Horrible feelings
5. Life review
6. Light
7. Tunnel experience
8. Heavenly realm
9. Met living persons
10. Out-of-body experience
11. The feeling of being dead
12. Contact with dead
13. Horrible realm
14. Met non-human beings
19 Van Lommel et al. (2001) Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands 62 N/C N/C N/C Resuscitation 1. Awareness of being dead
2. Positive emotions
3. Out-of-body experience
4. Moving through a tunnel
5. Communication with light
6. Observation of colors
7. Observation of a celestial landscape
8. Meeting with Deceased persons
9. Life review
10. Presence of border
20 Pasricha (1993) Near-death experiences in South India: a Systematic survey 16 The median age of the subjects at the time of the NDE was 43.5 years (range 9-97 years) and it was 75 years (range 38-108 years) at the time of our first interview with them; the median time lapse between the NDE and the first interview was 20 years (range 2-70 years). 11 females
5 men
N/C Seven subjects were reported to have been healthy prior to the NDE while nine (56%) subjects were suffering from a mild to severe physical illness prior to the experience. high- or low-grade fever (4 subjects), dysentery (2 subjects), typhoid, cough and asthma, and fits of unconsciousness (1 subject each). 1. Presence in new environments
2. Seeing your physical body
3. Seeing a man who had a book containing a list of deeds or mistakes
4. Review of life
5. Being brought back to life by mistake
6. Meeting with the dead
7. Repatriation from other territories by guides
8. The power of choice in returning to the material body
9. Sent by a loved one or an unknown face, but not because of a mistake
10. Residual symptoms in the physical body after an NDE
11. Changing attitude toward death
21 Purkayastha and Mukherjee (2012) Three cases of near-death experience: is it physiology, physics or philosophy? 3 30 Female Hindu, married with a 5-month-old baby With severe head injury 1. Seeing a bright light
2. Floating
3. Seeing the new environment (paradise)
4. Telling what happened around him during his coma
5. Reluctance to return to the material body
22 Male Hindu Cardiac arrest for around 10 minutes (anaphylactic shock) 1. Travel through a tunnel of white light
2. Sense of peace
3. Out-of-body experience
4. Observing what happened around him
4 Child Hindu hypotensive shock 1. The experience of being in white and silver clouds
2. Time dilation
22 Ghasemiannejad et al. (2014) Iranian Shiite Muslim near-death experiences: features and aftereffects including dispositional gratitude 20 Five of them were in 18–30 years old range, 14 of them were in 31–50 years old range and one of them was more than fifty 14 men and 6 women Moslem Serious illness (2), accident-related injury (8), childbirth (1), cardiac arrest (6), suicide attempt (2), not specified (1) 1. Passing in or through a tunnel
2. Positive emotions or feelings
3. Exposure to extraterrestrial light
4. Dealing with other beings and understanding the presence of others
5. Meeting with mystical beings
6. Meeting with the dead
7. A sense of time and place change
8. Life review
9. Encountering otherworldly realms
10. awareness of the surrounding environment
11. Viewing the environment up close to the ceiling
12. Sense of peace
13. The feeling of love
14. Sensory stimulation (seeing colors)
15. The occurrence of errors and the right time for death
23 Ghasemiannejad-Jahromi et al. (2018) The investigation of near-death experiences, and the necessity of awareness about its elements 10 Average age of 38 years 2 women and 8 men Moslem Not stated 1. Changing the nature of time
2. Life review
3. Aggravation of the senses
4. Reaching a specific insight
5. Meeting with the dead and spiritual and religious figures
6. A feeling of oneness with existence
7. Observing the inner workings
8. Positive and pleasant emotions
9. Unpleasant and scary emotions
10. Leaving the body
11. Transcendental perception
24 Thomas (2020) A near-death experience: a surgeon's validation 2 N/C Female N/C During surgery 1. Out-of-body experience
2. Move to the ceiling
3. Seeing yourself outside the body
4. Awareness of what happened in the surrounding environment
5. Passing through walls
6. Dark environment
7. Seeing a bright light
8. Seeing the presence of others
9. Meeting with the dead
10. Seeing a new environment
11. Life review
12. awareness of the future
13. The ability to decide to return to the material body
14. Reluctance to return
15. A sense of love and peace
N/C Female N/C Spiritual crisis 1. Incompleteness of the article, not receiving more information
2. Out-of-body experiences
3. looking at the body from above
Psycho-spiritual transformation
25 Panagore (2020) My deaths direct my life: living with the near-death experience 2 Second NDE occurred 35 years after the first experience Male N/C 1. Hypothermia
2. Blockage in left anterior descending artery
1. Change in the nature of time
2. Increased awareness and alertness
3. Facing a new environment (paradise)
4. Sense of satisfaction
5. Tunnel experience
6. Seeing a bright light
7. A sense of unity
8. Telepathy
9. The ability to decide to return
10. To see the future
11. Re-seeing the angel of death that he saw in the first experience
12. Tunnel experience
13. The power to decide to return to the physical body
Second near-death experience was in 2016 Female N/C Struck by lightning during awakening 1. Hearing a voice saying, “You can't go now.” You have to go back to the children (I could see my two little children in my eyes.) You have to move your legs back and forth, back and forth, to keep the “fire” from reaching your heart.
2. Understanding all surrounding conversations
3. Out-of-body experiences
4. Seeing a very large white ball of shining light
26 Boado et al. (2020) A case study on near death experience, its perceived effects and coping mechanisms: input to psychological and emotional adjustment training program 2 The respondents' age during the conduct of the study ranges from 50 to 65 years old Male They came from different locations. N/C 1. Seeing a bright light
2. Meeting with the dead
3. One of the respondents felt peace in his heart
4. Tunnel experience in one of the participants
27 Khoshab et al. (2020) Near-death experience among Iranian Muslim cardiopulmonary resuscitation survivors 8 N/C Five males and three females. N/C CPR 1. A sense of lightness and flight
2. Tunnel experience
3. Seeing the light
4. Feeling satisfied
5. Out-of-body experience
6. Awareness of surrounding events
7. Changing the nature of time
8. Life review
9. Understanding pleasure
10. The experience of darkness
11. Losing the fear of death
12. Free movement of the soul
13. Hearing voices
14. Divine experiences about the Qur'an
15. Seeing and communicating with the saints