Table III.
Subgroup analysis of the incidence of dementia according to age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia, stroke, and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD)
| Variables | AD | All-cause dementia HR (95% CI) | p-value for interaction | Alzheimer’s disease HR (95% CI) | p-value for interaction | Vascular dementia HR (95% CI) | p-value for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.0067* | 0.0063* | 0.6019 | ||||
| < 65 years | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.207 (1.095–1.331) | 1.210 (1.080–1.355) | 1.168 (0.926–1.475) | ||||
| ≥ 65 years | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.038 (0.989–1.09) | 1.015 (0.96–1.072) | 1.087 (0.943–1.252) | ||||
| Sex | 0.1621 | 0.1275 | 0.7347 | ||||
| Male | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.111 (1.040–1.186) | 1.099 (1.019–1.184) | 1.135 (0.955–1.347) | ||||
| Female | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.043 (0.984–1.106) | 1.017 (0.952–1.086) | 1.088 (0.917–1.291) | ||||
| Obesity | 0.8570 | 0.6731 | 0.8961 | ||||
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.068 (1.011–1.128) | 1.042 (0.979–1.108) | 1.117 (0.959–1.302) | ||||
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.077 (1.001–1.159) | 1.065 (0.981–1.156) | 1.099 (0.901–1.339) | ||||
| Smoking status | 0.7466 | 0.9658 | 0.4545 | ||||
| Non, Ex | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.068 (1.019–1.12) | 1.05 (0.996–1.108) | 1.086 (0.95–1.242) | ||||
| Current | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.091 (0.97–1.227) | 1.047 (0.913–1.201) | 1.224 (0.923–1.625) | ||||
| Drinking status | 0.4718 | 0.4298 | 0.6184 | ||||
| No | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.079 (1.032–1.128) | 1.058 (1.007–1.113) | 1.106 (0.976–1.253) | ||||
| Yes | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 0.991 (0.791–1.243) | 0.949 (0.727–1.238) | 1.264 (0.759–2.107) | ||||
| Exercise | 0.4101 | 0.7845 | 0.0747 | ||||
| No | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.081 (1.031–1.135) | 1.054 (0.999–1.113) | 1.170 (1.026–1.334) | ||||
| Yes | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.030 (0.928–1.144) | 1.035 (0.921–1.164) | 0.857 (0.624–1.176) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.0404* | 0.0211* | 0.9736 | ||||
| No | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.044 (0.992–1.099) | 1.016 (0.96–1.077) | 1.112 (0.965–1.281) | ||||
| Yes | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.158 (1.064–1.26) | 1.159 (1.053–1.276) | 1.107 (0.875–1.4) | ||||
| Hypertension | 0.2449 | 0.2960 | 0.8438 | ||||
| No | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.034 (0.959–1.115) | 1.014 (0.932–1.103) | 1.131 (0.912–1.401) | ||||
| Yes | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.092 (1.036–1.152) | 1.071 (1.008–1.139) | 1.102 (0.951–1.276) | ||||
| Dyslipidaemia | 0.2115 | 0.1117 | 0.4742 | ||||
| No | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.049 (0.993–1.109) | 1.019 (0.956–1.085) | 1.149 (0.988–1.336) | ||||
| Yes | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.111 (1.036–1.192) | 1.106 (1.022–1.197) | 1.047 (0.855–1.284) | ||||
| Stroke | 0.3172 | 0.2334 | 0.3476 | ||||
| No | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.06 (1.01–1.114) | 1.035 (0.979–1.094) | 1.08 (0.942–1.237) | ||||
| Yes | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.12 (1.018–1.234) | 1.115 (1.001–1.241) | 1.246 (0.956–1.624) | ||||
| IHD | 0.4075 | 0.5084 | 0.4604 | ||||
| No | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.063 (1.012–1.116) | 1.043 (0.987–1.101) | 1.086 (0.948–1.244) | ||||
| Yes | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.114 (1.008–1.23) | 1.088 (0.972–1.217) | 1.217 (0.93–1.591) | ||||
| Stroke | |||||||
| No | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 0.2701 | 1 (Reference) | 0.3756 | 1 (Reference) | 0.5842 |
| AD | 1.061 (1.007–1.117) | 1.080 (1.031–1.131) | 1.127 (0.989–1.284) | ||||
| Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||||
| AD | 0.966 (0.825–1.132) | 1.013 (0.887–1.157) | 1.023 (0.741–1.411) | ||||
| Antihistamine | 0.3354 | 0.3299 | 0.6175 | ||||
| No | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 0.979 (0.837–1.146) | 0.944 (0.788–1.131) | 1.008 (0.663–1.533) | ||||
| Yes | Non-AD | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| AD | 1.061 (1.014–1.111) | 1.037 (0.985–1.091) | 1.127 (0.993–1.279) | ||||
95% CI: 95% confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio.
*
p-value < 0.05.