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. 2023 Apr 20;11:1158147. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1158147

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Copyright © 2023 Parati, Philip, Mendrek, Townrow, Khalil, Tchuenbou-Magaia, Stanley, Kowalczuk, Adamus and Radecka.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Average yields of γ-PGA (raw and PTF) obtained from Laminaria digitata commercial flakes undergone different pre-treatment techniques. Error bars indicate standard deviation (n = 3 shake flask).