Table 6. Effects of anhedonia from multiple linear regressions controlling for sociodemographic factors and clinical comorbidities across the ABCD study samples.

	ABCD 1.0 Sample (n = 2424)					ABCD 4.0 (excluding 1.0) Sample (n = 6454)					Full ABCD 4.0 Sample (n = 8864)
rsfMRI connectivity	Effect size (%variance) (95%CI)	Estimate	Std.Err	P	p.adj	Effect size (%variance) (95%CI)	Estimate	Std.Err	p	p.adj	Effect size (%variance) (95%CI)	Estimate	Std.Err	p-value	p.adj
Auditory-LeftAmygdala	0.19 (0.01, 0.65)	0.144	0.078	0.066	0.339	0.01 (0, 0.13)	0.031	0.047	0.514	0.723	0.03 (0, 0.16)	0.052	0.040	0.189	0.365
Auditory-RightPutamen	0.21 (0.01, 0.79)	-0.144	0.076	0.059	0.325	0.18 (0.04, 0.49)	-0.118	0.046	0.010	0.037	0.18 (0.05, 0.38)	-0.119	0.039	0.002	0.009
CinguloOpercular-BrainStem	0.37 (0.04, 1.02)	-0.211	0.077	0.006	0.075	0.06 (0, 0.21)	-0.070	0.046	0.125	0.283	0.1 (0.02, 0.25)	-0.095	0.039	0.015	0.047
CinguloOpercular-LeftAccumbensArea	0.19 (0.01, 0.72)	-0.127	0.078	0.104	0.436	0.02 (0, 0.14)	-0.038	0.046	0.407	0.628	0.08 (0.01, 0.22)	-0.084	0.039	0.034	0.094
CinguloOpercular-RightVentraldc	0.23 (0.02, 0.77)	-0.142	0.078	0.070	0.352	0.02 (0, 0.13)	-0.023	0.046	0.620	0.798	0.04 (0.01, 0.15)	-0.040	0.039	0.308	0.510
CinguloParietal-BrainStem	0.41 (0.05, 1.16)	0.232	0.078	0.003	0.049	0 (0, 0.1)	-0.008	0.047	0.865	0.939	0.01 (0, 0.09)	0.023	0.040	0.561	0.746
CinguloParietal-RightPallidum	0.28 (0.03, 0.9)	-0.154	0.077	0.046	0.283	0.07 (0.01, 0.24)	-0.068	0.046	0.136	0.302	0.05 (0.01, 0.18)	-0.049	0.039	0.207	0.390
Default-DorsalAttention	0.4 (0.06, 1.06)	0.204	0.076	0.007	0.086	0.01 (0, 0.12)	-0.001	0.046	0.978	0.993	0.07 (0.01, 0.22)	0.054	0.039	0.166	0.334
Default-LeftHippocampus	0.3 (0.03, 0.93)	-0.195	0.078	0.013	0.129	0.01 (0, 0.12)	-0.020	0.046	0.661	0.821	0.05 (0, 0.17)	-0.061	0.039	0.117	0.258
Default-LeftVentraldc	0.17 (0.01, 0.6)	-0.136	0.078	0.083	0.389	0.03 (0, 0.18)	-0.059	0.047	0.209	0.410	0.06 (0, 0.21)	-0.074	0.040	0.063	0.157
DorsalAttention-LeftAccumbensArea	0.31 (0.02, 0.91)	-0.210	0.077	0.007	0.083	0 (0, 0.08)	0.021	0.046	0.651	0.818	0.01 (0, 0.09)	-0.012	0.039	0.765	0.879
DorsalAttention-LeftHippocampus	0.51 (0.07, 1.23)	0.250	0.078	0.001	0.028	0.01 (0, 0.08)	-0.033	0.046	0.476	0.689	0.03 (0, 0.13)	0.022	0.039	0.573	0.757
DorsalAttention-LeftVentraldc	0.25 (0.02, 0.87)	-0.171	0.077	0.027	0.210	0.06 (0, 0.25)	-0.067	0.047	0.149	0.321	0.08 (0.01, 0.26)	-0.082	0.040	0.038	0.105
FrontoParietal-LeftVentraldc	0.22 (0.01, 0.78)	-0.168	0.079	0.034	0.236	0 (0, 0.08)	0.004	0.047	0.941	0.973	0 (0, 0.08)	-0.011	0.040	0.783	0.888
FrontoParietal-RightVentraldc	0.32 (0.02, 1)	-0.210	0.080	0.008	0.095	0 (0, 0.08)	0.004	0.047	0.937	0.972	0.01 (0, 0.1)	-0.034	0.040	0.398	0.601
FrontoParietal-SensorimotorMouth	0.29 (0.02, 0.81)	-0.189	0.078	0.015	0.144	0.03 (0, 0.17)	-0.067	0.047	0.150	0.323	0.03 (0, 0.13)	-0.056	0.040	0.160	0.326
RetrosplenialTemporal-RightCerebellumCortex	0.28 (0.04, 0.85)	-0.154	0.077	0.044	0.277	0.08 (0.01, 0.28)	-0.075	0.046	0.104	0.247	0.12 (0.03, 0.28)	-0.094	0.039	0.016	0.050
RetrosplenialTemporal-RightThalamusProper	0.21 (0.01, 0.75)	-0.135	0.077	0.079	0.377	0.17 (0.03, 0.44)	-0.122	0.046	0.008	0.029	0.21 (0.07, 0.44)	-0.140	0.039	0.000	0.002
Salience-LeftAccumbensArea	0.19 (0.01, 0.69)	-0.134	0.077	0.082	0.386	0.04 (0, 0.18)	-0.039	0.046	0.403	0.624	0.06 (0.01, 0.2)	-0.055	0.039	0.163	0.330
Salience-LeftVentraldc	0.33 (0.03, 1)	0.199	0.077	0.010	0.113	0.03 (0, 0.18)	0.032	0.046	0.493	0.703	0.07 (0.01, 0.23)	0.062	0.039	0.114	0.251
Salience-RightAmygdala	0.21 (0.01, 0.77)	-0.173	0.077	0.026	0.203	0.1 (0, 0.3)	0.111	0.047	0.017	0.058	0.07 (0, 0.23)	0.095	0.040	0.017	0.052
SensorimotorHand-BrainStem	0.25 (0.02, 0.78)	-0.147	0.077	0.058	0.321	0.05 (0.01, 0.21)	-0.048	0.046	0.298	0.518	0.08 (0.01, 0.23)	-0.068	0.039	0.082	0.195
SensorimotorHand-RightHippocampus	0.29 (0.03, 0.88)	-0.174	0.078	0.026	0.204	0.01 (0, 0.12)	0.044	0.046	0.339	0.561	0.01 (0, 0.08)	0.002	0.039	0.957	0.981
SensorimotorHand-RightThalamusProper	0.19 (0.01, 0.67)	0.157	0.078	0.045	0.280	0.01 (0, 0.11)	-0.045	0.047	0.337	0.561	0.02 (0, 0.14)	0.024	0.040	0.538	0.728
SensorimotorMouth-LeftVentraldc	0.22 (0.01, 0.8)	-0.140	0.076	0.068	0.347	0.01 (0, 0.09)	-0.016	0.046	0.726	0.864	0.04 (0, 0.15)	-0.060	0.039	0.126	0.273
Within-CinguloOpercular	0.3 (0.03, 0.86)	-0.141	0.076	0.062	0.332	0.08 (0.01, 0.25)	-0.056	0.046	0.217	0.420	0.1 (0.02, 0.26)	-0.068	0.039	0.078	0.188
Within-RetrosplenialTemporal	0.44 (0.08, 1.07)	-0.204	0.076	0.008	0.088	0 (0, 0.08)	0.038	0.046	0.406	0.627	0.03 (0.01, 0.14)	-0.014	0.039	0.728	0.857

Effect size represents the percentage of the total variance (proportion of variance * 100%) in a rsfMRI connectivity measure accounted for by anhedonia. The partial regression coefficient (Estimate), standard error (Std.Err), nominal p-value (p), and conservative Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p-value (p.adj) for anhedonia are also shown for each rsfMRI regression model. Partial regression coefficient estimates represent changes in the rsfMRI measure, in standard deviation units from the mean, associated with the presence of anhedonia. Bolded results were significant at the adjusted p-value level (p.adj < 0.05). Note that the sum of the participants from the ABCD 1.0 and ABCD 4.0 (excluding) 1.0 samples exceeds the number of participants from the full ABCD 4.0 sample due to additional participants from the ABCD 1.0 sample being excluded from the full ABCD 4.0 sample during the quality control (QC) steps. Differences between processing pipelines between the data releases may account for these discrepancies in QC measures.