Table 1. The grading system for classifying the severity of envenoming.
Grade | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | ||
Coagulation disorder* | + | + | + | |
Local signs | Pain | + | + | + |
Swelling | Not exceeding elbow or knee | Exceeding elbow or knee | Beyond the root of the limb | |
Blister | - | + | + | |
Necrosis | - | - | + | |
Local bleeding | - | + | + | |
Systemic bleeding | - | - | + | |
Systemic manifestations (Hypotension, Renal failure, Coma, Respiratory failure) | - | - | Organ failure |
*Based on results of the 20-min whole blood clotting test and laboratory analysis.