Table 2. Epidemiological and clinical parameters at admission.
| Total | Early AV | Delayed AV | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Nb | Result | Nb | Result | Nb | Result | |
| Age, years | 119 | 41 (27–53) | 45 | 38 (25–57) | 74 | 42 (30–53) | 0.530 |
| Male gender | 119 | 80 (67.2%) | 45 | 29 (64.4%) | 74 | 51 (68.9%) | 0.614 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 73 | 23.8 (21.2–26.3) | 32 | 23.8 (21.4–26.1) | 41 | 23.8 (21.2–26.4) | 0.960 |
| Past medical history | 119 | 30 (25.2%) | 45 | 14 (31.1%) | 74 | 16 (21.6%) | 0.248 |
| Arterial hypertension | 119 | 10 (8.4%) | 45 | 6 (13.3%) | 74 | 4 (5.4%) | 0.131 |
| Alcohol abuse | 119 | 4 (3.4%) | 45 | 1 (2.2%) | 74 | 3 (4.1%) | 0.591 |
| First attended in a remote health center | 119 | 58 (48.7%) | 45 | 12 (26.7%) | 74 | 46 (62.2%) | 0.000 |
| Snake identification | 119 | 52 (43.7%) | 45 | 28 (62.2%) | 74 | 24 (32.4%) | 0.001 |
| Time from SB to hospitalization | 119 | 06:13 (01:33–18: 10) | 45 | 01:30 (00:45–03:00) | 74 | 09:44 (06:03–21:36) | 0.000 |
| Grade of envenoming on admission | |||||||
| Grade I | 119 | 60 (50.4%) | 45 | 23 (51.1%) | 74 | 37 (50%) | 0.219* |
| Grade II | 119 | 31 (26.1%) | 45 | 15 (33.3%) | 74 | 16 (21.6%) | 0.064$ |
| Grade III | 119 | 28 (23.5%) | 45 | 7 (15.6%) | 74 | 21 (28.4%) | 0.110£ |
| Progression of the grade of envenoming # | 119 | 12 (10.1%) | 45 | 4 (8.9%) | 74 | 8 (10.8%) | 0.736 |
| From grade I to grade II | 58 | 7 (12.1%) | 23 | 3 (13%) | 35 | 4 (11.4%) | 0.853 |
| From grade I to grade III | 53 | 2 (3.8%) | 20 | 0 (0%) | 33 | 2 (6.1%) | 0.521 |
| From grade II to grade III | 31 | 3 (9.7%) | 15 | 1 (6.7%) | 16 | 2 (12.5%) | 0.583 |
| Symptoms related to grade progression | |||||||
| Expanding local edema | 12 | 10 (83.3%) | 4 | 3 (75%) | 8 | 7 (87.5%) | 0.584 |
| Expanding blisters | 12 | 3 (25%) | 4 | 2 (50%) | 8 | 1 (12.5%) | 0.157 |
| Clinical parameters during hospitalization | |||||||
| Local edema | 119 | 116 (97.5%) | 45 | 45 (100%) | 74 | 71 (95.9%) | 0.171 |
| Local hemorrhage | 119 | 15 (12.6%) | 45 | 11 (24.4%) | 74 | 4 (5.4%) | 0.002 |
| Necrosis | 119 | 14 (11.8%) | 45 | 3 (6.7%) | 74 | 11 (14.9%) | 0.178 |
| Blisters | 119 | 12 (10.1%) | 45 | 5 (11.1%) | 74 | 7 (9.5%) | 0.772 |
| Pain | 119 | 118 (99.2%) | 45 | 45 (100%) | 74 | 73 (98.6%) | 0.434 |
| Worsening skin lesions# | 119 | 30 (25.2%) | 45 | 11 (24.4%) | 74 | 19 (25.7%) | 0.881 |
| Expanding local edema | 119 | 27 (22.7%) | 45 | 10 (24.4%) | 74 | 17 (21.6%) | 0.924 |
| Expanding blisters | 119 | 5 (4.2%) | 45 | 2 (4.4%) | 74 | 3 (4.1%) | 1.000 |
| Expanding necrosis | 119 | 3 (2.5%) | 45 | 0 (0%) | 74 | 3 (4.1%) | 0.289 |
| Acute kidney injury at admission | 119 | 21 (17.6%) | 45 | 6 (13.3%) | 74 | 15 (20.3%) | 0.336 |
| Time from renal injury to normal renal parameters, days | 21 | 5 (2–10) | 6 | 9 (3–10) | 15 | 3 (2–8) | 0.288 |
| Systemic bleeding | 119 | 13 (10.9%) | 45 | 4 (8.9%) | 74 | 9 (12.2%) | 0.579 |
Nb: the number of cases in whom the parameter was analyzed, Values are expressed as number and percentages or median and interquartile range, BMI: Body Mass Index$: grade II vs. III
£: grade III vs. I and II *, grade I vs. III
# refers to the progression of symptoms during hospitalization.