Table 3. Associations between per standard deviation (SD) increase in site-specific polygenic risk scores and cancer occurrence.
Hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age at recruitment, dialect group, highest education attained, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Follow-up time was censored at 20 years after recruitment. Significant results are shown in bold.
| Cancer site | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast | Prostate | Colorectal – female | Colorectal – male | Lung – female | Lung – male | |||||||
| HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Site-specific polygenic risk score, per SD increase | 1.47 (1.34–1.60) | 5.80E-17 | 2.08 (1.85–2.34) | 1.56E-33 | 1.39 (1.24–1.55) | 1.06E-08 | 1.44 (1.30–1.59) | 5.41E-12 | 1.21 (1.04–1.40) | 1.10E-02 | 1.35 (1.22–1.49) | 1.01E-08 |
| Age at recruitment, years | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 5.82E-01 | 1.09 (1.07–1.10) | 6.34E-23 | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) | 7.24E-17 | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | 9.53E-18 | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | 1.65E-10 | 1.09 (1.07–1.10) | 1.46E-27 |
| Dialect group (Cantonese vs Hokkien) | 0.88 (0.73–1.05) | 1.61E-01 | 0.98 (0.78–1.24) | 8.86E-01 | 0.78 (0.62–0.99) | 3.96E-02 | 1.22 (0.99–1.50) | 6.78E-02 | 0.92 (0.67–1.25) | 5.78E-01 | 1.07 (0.87–1.33) | 5.21E-01 |
| Highest education (primary vs no) | 1.21 (0.95–1.53) | 1.20E-01 | 1.32 (0.81–2.14) | 2.65E-01 | 1.08 (0.83–1.41) | 5.60E-01 | 0.98 (0.70–1.37) | 8.91E-01 | 0.83 (0.58–1.19) | 3.11E-01 | 0.87 (0.64–1.18) | 3.67E-01 |
|
Highest education (secondary or above vs no) |
1.54 (1.18–2.01) | 1.57E-03 | 1.60 (0.98–2.63) | 6.17E-02 | 1.06 (0.76–1.48) | 7.46E-01 | 0.80 (0.55–1.16) | 2.33E-01 | 1.10 (0.69–1.74) | 6.87E-01 | 0.63 (0.44–0.90) | 1.16E-02 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | 1.28E-03 | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 5.15E-01 | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 5.33E-01 | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 3.19E-01 | 0.97 (0.92–1.01) | 1.58E-01 | 0.97 (0.93–1.00) | 5.60E-02 |
|
Smoking status (ex-smoker vs non-smoker) |
0.90 (0.45–1.83) | 7.81E-01 | 0.68 (0.50–0.92) | 1.32E-02 | 1.51 (0.86–2.66) | 1.55E-01 | 1.17 (0.90–1.52) | 2.36E-01 | 2.16 (1.04–4.48) | 3.86E-02 | 1.99 (1.41–2.83) | 1.09E-04 |
|
Smoking status (current smoker vs non-smoker) |
0.83 (0.49–1.39) | 4.72E-01 | 0.70 (0.52–0.93) | 1.52E-02 | 1.10 (0.69–1.75) | 6.85E-01 | 1.22 (0.96–1.56) | 1.08E-01 | 5.78 (3.98–8.38) | 2.69E-20 | 5.15 (3.83–6.91) | 1.17E-27 |
|
Alcohol consumption (weekly vs never/ occasionally) |
1.04 (0.65–1.67) | 8.74E-01 | 0.98 (0.70–1.39) | 9.29E-01 | 0.76 (0.38–1.54) | 4.46E-01 | 1.31 (1.00–1.73) | 5.39E-02 | 0.72 (0.27–1.96) | 5.23E-01 | 0.89 (0.65–1.22) | 4.81E-01 |
|
Alcohol consumption (daily vs never/ occasionally) |
0.71 (0.27–1.91) | 5.00E-01 | 0.74 (0.40–1.36) | 3.32E-01 | 1.55 (0.69–3.49) | 2.89E-01 | 1.64 (1.15–2.34) | 6.54E-03 | 0.66 (0.16–2.68) | 5.63E-01 | 1.21 (0.85–1.73) | 2.81E-01 |
|
Moderate physical activity (1–3 hr/week vs no) |
0.98 (0.75–1.28) | 8.80E-01 | 1.17 (0.87–1.57) | 2.97E-01 | 0.88 (0.63–1.24) | 4.74E-01 | 1.02 (0.78–1.35) | 8.79E-01 | 0.99 (0.62–1.58) | 9.73E-01 | 0.90 (0.67–1.23) | 5.17E-01 |
|
Moderate physical activity (≥3 hr/week vs no) |
1.17 (0.86–1.60) | 3.20E-01 | 0.99 (0.68–1.45) | 9.78E-01 | 0.59 (0.37–0.96) | 3.33E-02 | 1.10 (0.80–1.52) | 5.45E-01 | 0.96 (0.54–1.70) | 8.78E-01 | 0.86 (0.59–1.26) | 4.36E-01 |
| Vigorous physical activity/ strenuous sports at least once a week (yes vs no) | 1.24 (0.90–1.70) | 1.89E-01 | 1.05 (0.79–1.41) | 7.16E-01 | 1.09 (0.68–1.74) | 7.25E-01 | 0.75 (0.57–1.00) | 5.06E-02 | 0.58 (0.24–1.42) | 2.30E-01 | 0.95 (0.72–1.26) | 7.37E-01 |
| Family history (yes vs no) | 1.14 (0.90–1.45) | 2.67E-01 | 1.53 (1.16–2.02) | 2.47E-03 | 1.08 (0.79–1.48) | 6.20E-01 | 1.24 (0.95–1.62) | 1.09E-01 | 0.67 (0.40–1.13) | 1.33E-01 | 0.97 (0.71–1.33) | 8.63E-01 |