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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Eat Disord. 2023 Jan 23;56(5):969–977. doi: 10.1002/eat.23896

Table 3.

Number (N) and percent (%) of surveys at which restraint/restriction was endorsed by time of day. Reported percentages represent the percent of all EMA surveys on which the behavior was reported for each time of day.

Type Morning Afternoon Evening Late-night χ2 p ϕ
N % N % N % N %

Restraint Avoidance 207 14.7 378 16.9 365 16.7 4 2.2 3.56 .17 0.06
Delaying 325 23.0 460 20.5 327 15.0 7 3.9 41.19 <.001* 0.19
Limiting 316 22.4 580 25.9 576 26.4 24 13.4 8.05 .02* 0.07

Any 578 40.9 985 43.9 884 40.5 31 17.3 6.22 .05 0.05

Restriction Avoidance 143 10.1 227 10.1 199 9.1 1 0.6 1.61 .45 0.05
Delaying 292 20.7 410 18.3 261 11.9 3 1.7 56.03 <.001* 0.24
Limiting 228 16.1 424 18.9 350 16.0 10 5.6 7.86 .02* 0.09

Any 450 31.9 738 32.9 570 26.1 13 7.3 27.28 <.001* 0.12

Note. Morning=5–11:59am, Afternoon=12–4:59pm, Evening=5–11:59pm, Late-night= 12–4:59am. Late-night was excluded from chi-square tests as we expected this to differ.