Table 1.

Definition used for 3D landmarks

No.	Landmark	Abbreviation	Definition
1	Nasion	n	Most anterior located point of the sutura nasofrontalis.
2	Sella	s	Bone structure on the inner side of the Os sphenoidale, which divides the middle cranial fossa in the median plane.
3	Pogonion	p	Most anterior point of the bony chin in the median plane.
4	A- Point	a	Most dorsal point of the anterior maxilla.
5	B-Point	b	Most dorsal point of the anterior mandible.
6	Spina nasalis anterior	spa	Most anterior located point at the junction of the right and left maxillary bones.
7	Spina nasalis posterior	spp	Most dorsal located point at the junction of the right and left maxillary bones.
8	Condylus cranial right	c_cran_r	Most cranial point of the right caput mandibulae.
9	Condylus dorsal right	c_dors_r	Most dorsal point of the distal contour of the caput mandibulae right.
10	Ramus ascendens dorsal right	r_dors_r	Most anterior point of the processus angularis at the posterior margin of the ascending branch of the mandible on the right, directly below the caput mandible.
11	Tangent point P right	tg_p_r	Most posterior point of the processus angularis at the posterior margin of the ascending branch of the mandible on the right.
12	Tangent point A right	tg_a_r	Most caudal point of the processus angularis at the lower edge of the horizontal branch of the mandible on the right.
13	Menton right	m_r	Most anterior and inferior midpoint of the chin on the outline of the mandibular symphysis right.
14	Foramen mentale right	fmen_r	Hole located above the apex of the second premolar right. Entry point of the mental nerve from the mandibular canal right.
15	Mandibular foramen right	fman_r	Hole on the inner side of the ascending branch of the mandible right. Entry point of the nervus alveolaris inferior into the canalis mandibluae right.
16	Canalis mandibularis buccal right	cm_bucc_r	Most buccal point of the mandibular canal in the osteotomy line on the right.
17	Canalis mandibularis lingual right	cm_ling_r	Most lingual point of the mandibular canal in the osteotomy line on the right
18	Canalis mandibularis caudal right	cm_kcu_r	Most caudal point of the mandibular canal in the osteotomy line on the right.
19	Osteotomy point buccal right	ost_bucc_r	Most buccal point of the mandible in the osteotomy line on the right.
20	Osteotomy point lingual right	ost_ling_r	Most lingual point of the mandible in the osteotomy line on the right.
21	Osteotomy point caudal right	ost_cau_r	Most caudal point of the mandible in the osteotomy line on the right.
22	Condylus cranial left	c_cran_l	Most cranial point on the left caput mandibulae.
23	Condylus dorsal left	c_dors_l	Most dorsal point of the distal contour of the caput mandibulae left.
24	Ramus ascendens dorsal left	r_dors_l	Most anterior point of the processus angularis at the posterior margin of the ascending branch of the mandible on the left, directly below the caput mandible.
25	Tangent point P left	tg_p_l	Most posterior point of the processus angularis at the posterior margin of the ascending branch of the mandible on the left.
26	Tangent point A left	tg_a_l	Most caudal point of the processus angularis at the lower edge of the horizontal branch of the mandible on the left.
27	Menton left	m_l	Most anterior and inferior midpoint of the chin on the outline of the mandibular symphysis left.
28	Foramen mentale left	fmen_l	Hole located above the apex of the second premolar left. Entry point of the mental nerve from the mandibular canal left.
29	Mandibular foramen left	fman_l	Hole on the inner side of the ascending branch of the mandible left. Entry point of the nervus alveolaris inferior into the canalis mandibluae left.
30	Canalis mandibularis buccal left	cm_bucc_l	Most buccal point of the mandibular canal in the osteotomy line on the left.
31	Canalis mandibularis lingual left	cm_ling_l	Most lingual point of the mandibular canal in the osteotomy line on the left.
32	Canalis mandibularis caudal left	cm_cau_l	Most caudal point of the mandibular canal in the osteotomy line on the left.
33	Osteotomy point buccal left	ost_bucc_l	Most buccal point of the mandible in the osteotomy line on the left.
34	Osteotomy point lingual left	ost_ling_l	Most lingual point of the mandible in the osteotomy line on the left.
35	Osteotomy point caudal left	ost_cau_l	Most caudal point of the mandible in the osteotomy line on the left.