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. 2023 Apr 4;27(5):2255–2265. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-04978-4

Table 3.

Overall performance of AI (artificial intelligence) and experts: mean absolute error (mm) of all landmarks with SD

Landmarks Mean AI SD AI (±) Mean experts SD experts (±)
n 2.13 2.53 1.44 1.07
s 2.29 1.63 1.83 1.00
p 1.26 0.99 1.29 1.15
a 1.88 3.42 1.34 0.88
b 1.56 1.40 1.86 1.58
spa 1.47 1.20 1.36 0.83
spp 1.70 2.30 1.35 1.08
c_cran_r 1.55 1.10 1.77 1.24
c_dors_r 7.23 2.56 8.87 6.66
r_dors_r 2.08 1.23 2.61 1.59
tg_p_r 2.02 1.40 2.14 1.48
tg_a_r 3.53 2.42 4.14 2.73
m_r 2.77 1.90 3.53 2.75
fmen_r 0.88 0.42 0.94 0.53
fman_r 1.54 0.98 1.62 1.05
cm_bucc_r 3.00 2.20 2.64 2.72
cm_ling_r 3.16 2.32 2.75 2.79
cm_cau_r 3.05 2.09 2.48 2.60
ost_bcck_r 3.14 2.27 2.74 2.71
ost_ling_r 3.12 2.34 2.75 2.70
ost_cau_r 3.14 2.19 2.75 2.69
c_cran_l 1.55 0.99 1.72 1.04
c_dors_l 7.41 1.96 9.15 6.82
r_dors_l 2.08 1.43 2.49 1.62
tg_p_l 2.21 1.57 2.36 1.74
tg_a_l 3.40 2.37 4.10 2.71
m_l 2.80 1.88 3.36 2.55
fmen_l 1.01 0.69 1.14 1.11
fman_l 1.97 1.67 1.95 1.28
cm_bucc_l 3.52 2.23 3.11 3.02
cm_ling_l 3.49 2.05 3.21 3.04
cm_cau_l 3.25 2.13 2.99 2.95
ost_bucc_l 3.49 2.10 3.26 3.06
ost_ling_l 3.40 2.00 3.26 3.01
ost_cau_l 3.46 2.19 3.24 2.97