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. 2022 Sep 15;112(5):571–584. doi: 10.1007/s00392-022-02095-y

Table 3.

(a) Echocardiographic outcomes, (b) Procedural outcomes

Overall,
N = 46
BAV,
N = 31
SAV,
N = 15
(a)
Mitral valve mean gradient, mmHg 5.78 (2.38) 6.40 (2.04) 4.23 (2.55)
Transvalvular gradient, mmHg 27/(64%) 23/(77%) 4/(33%)
Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, cm 5.10 (0.76) 5.01 (0.75) 5.33 (0.79)
Pulmonary artery systolic pressure, mmHg 51.00 (38.00, 57.00) 52.00 (39.00, 57.00) 46.50 (38.25, 54.25)
Paravalvular regurgitation at discharge
 Severe 1/(2.3%) 0/(0%) 1/(7.7%)
 Moderate 1/(2.3%) 1/(3.3%) 0/(0%)
 Mild 6/(14%) 5/(17%) 1/(7.7%)
 None-trace 35/(81%) 24/(80%) 11/(85%)
Paravalvular regurgitation at 30 days (n = 36)
 Severe 1/(2.8%) 0/(0%) 1/(10%)
 Moderate 1/(2.8%) 1/(3.8%) 0/(0%)
 Mild 5/(14%) 4/(15%) 1/(10%)
 None-trace 29/(81%) 21/(81%) 8/(80%)
Overall,
N = 46
BAV,
N = 31
SAV,
N = 15
(b)
Conversion to open surgery 1/(2.2%) 1/(3.2%) 0/(0%)
Bleeding
 None 35/(76%) 27/(87%) 8/(53%)
 Minor bleeding 1/(2.2%) 0/(0%) 1/(6.7%)
 Major bleeding 5/(11%) 2/(6.5%) 3/(20%)
 Life-threatening-bleeding 5/(11%) 2/(6.5%) 3/(20%)
Vascular access complication
 None 36/(78%) 25/(81%) 11/(73%)
 Minor access complication 4/(8.7%) 3/(9.7%) 1/(6.7%)
 Major access complication 6/(13%) 3/(9.7%) 3/(20%)
Rhythm at discharge
 Sinusrhythm 22/(48%) 16/(52%) 6/(40%)
 Atrial fibrillation 12/(26%) 7/(23%) 5/(33%)
 Pacemaker 12/(26%) 8/(26%) 4/(27%)
Acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis 4/(15%) 1/(8.3%) 3/(20%)
New permanent pacemaker requirement 0/(0%) 0/(0%) 0/(0%)
New stroke 1/(2.2%) 1/(3.2%) 0/(0%)
In-hospital mortality 5/(11%) 2/(6.5%) 3/(20%)
Intensive care unit stay, days 2.00 (1.00, 5.00) 2.00 (1.00, 4.00) 2.00 (1.50, 5.50)
Total hospital stay, days 13.00 (8.00, 17.75) 10.00 (7.50, 15.50) 16.00 (11.00, 18.50)

Values are reported as mean ± SD for parametric variables, median (interquartile range) for nonparametric continuous variables, and n (%) for categorical variables, BAV balloon-expandable valve, MAC mitral annular calcification, SAV self-expanding valve