Table 2.
Use of different smart sensors for fish quality evaluation.
| Smart Sensors | Objective | Technique used | Sample tested | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CUPRAC-Nafion | Freshness monitoring | Colorimetry | Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) | (Avan et al., 2023) |
| Multicolor biosensor based on the etching of gold nanorods (GNRs) | Freshness monitoring | Colorimetry | Miichthys minuend Whitebait | (Chen et al., 2017) |
| Hydrogel coating flexible pH sensor with a flexible battery-free wireless electronic system | Freshness monitoring | pH-sensitive electrode | Fish | (Mu et al., 2022) |
| Hydrogel-pH-electrode based wireless sensor | Freshness monitoring | pH-sensitive electrode | Tilapia fish fillets | (Bhadra et al., 2015) |
| Alginate beads of “Laminaria digitata” brown alga | Freshness monitoring | Colorimetry | Rainbow trout | (Majdinasab et al., 2018) |
| Hydrogel composed of a colorimetric substance (Au@MnO2) and reducing agent precursor (β-D-glucose pentaacetate | Freshness monitoring | Smartphone RGB analysis-based colorimetric sensor | Grass carp, crucian carp, and grouper | (Zhang et al., 2021) |
| Nano plasmonic membrane | Freshness monitoring | UV–Vis absorbance | Fish | (Heli et al., 2016) |
| Ultrasensitive Porous-Electrode-Capped Organic Gas Sensor System | Freshness monitoring | Resistive gas sensor | Mackerel | (Chang et al., 2017) |
| E-Nose | Freshness monitoring | Dioxide gas sensors | Rainbow trout | (Vajdi et al., 2019) |
| E-Nose | Fish authentication | Eight metal oxide sensors | Anchovy, Horse Mackerel, Whiting | (Güney and Atasoy 2015) |
| Portable E-nose | Detect and classify a fish meal of different qualities | Ten MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) gas sensor | 6 fish meal samples | (Li et al., 2019) |
| E-tongue | Freshness monitoring | Seven sensors array | Crucian carp | (Han et al., 2015) |
| E-tongue + E-nose | Discrimination of flavors and tastes of traditional Chinese fish soups | E-nose: commercial FOX4000 sensor array system | Silver carp fish soups | |
| E-tongue: α-ASTREE II Liquid Taste Analyzer | ||||
| Hyperspectral imaging | Detection of blood in fish muscles | Vis-NIR-640 imaging spectrograph 430–1000 nm | Cod fillets | (Skjelvareid et al., 2017) |
| Hyperspectral imaging | Prediction of textural changes | Vis-NIR push broom spectrograph 400–1000 nm | Grass carp | (Ma et al., 2017) |
| Hyperspectral imaging | Prediction of microplastics contamination | HyperSpec NIR system 900–1700 nm | Crucian carps | (Zhang et al., 2019) |