TABLE 1.
Change in stress and anxiety scores pre to post sessions (for each participant, their pre-score minus post-score was averaged across sessions).
| STAI-S | Likert stress | ||||||||||||
| Group* | N (males) |
Pre (SD) |
Post (SD) |
Change (SD) | t | df | d |
Pre (SD) |
Post (SD) | Change (SD) | t | df | d |
| AMT | 18 (2) | 43.20 (8.94) | 32.92 (6.90) | −10.28 (5.28) | 7.4 | 17 | 1.77 | 3.03 (0.81) | 2.26 (0.64) | −0.77 (0.63) | 5.18 | 17 | 1.22 |
| RMT | 28 (5) | 44.59 (9.09) | 34.89 (6.72) | −9.70 (5.5) | 9.3 | 27 | 1.77 | 3.09 (0.93) | 2.23 (0.81) | −0.86 (0.69) | 6.55 | 27 | 1.24 |
| VT | 18 (3) | 45.29 (10.85) | 37.08 (8.07) | −8.21 (7.48) | 4.6 | 17 | 1.10 | 3.29 (0.68) | 2.63 (0.68) | −0.65 (0.64) | 4.43 | 17 | 1.04 |
| All | 64 (10) | 44.40 (9.46) | 34.95 (7.23) | −9.45 (6.15) | 12.3 | 63 | 0.54 | 3.15 (1.43) | 2.37 (0.94) | −0.78 (0.66) | 8.58 | 63 | 1.07 |
All p’s < 0.001; Bonferroni alpha = 0.0083 (0.05/6 comparisons). *AMT, Active music therapy; RMT, receptive music therapy; VT, verbal therapy.