TABLE 3.
Correlates of stress and anxiety difference scores.
| Participant variables | r | p * | |
| Stress anxiety change | |||
| State anxiety | Block of study | 0.11 | 0.40 |
| Likert | Block of study | 0.29 | 0.21 |
| PSS | Block of study | -0.10 | 0.37 |
| Cortisol | Block of study | -0.10 | 0.55 |
| State anxiety | Gender | 0.11 | 0.38 |
| Likert | Gender | -0.18 | 0.16 |
| PSS | Gender | -0.15 | 0.23 |
| Cortisol | Gender | -0.03 | 0.84 |
| State anxiety | Attendance | -0.16 | 0.22 |
| Likert | Attendance | -0.37 | 0.08 |
| PSS | Attendance | -0.07 | 0.63 |
| Cortisol | Attendance | -0.45 | 0.21 |
| State anxiety | Year of birth | 0.07 | 0.58 |
| Likert | Year of birth | 0.17 | 0.21 |
| PSS | Year of birth | -0.26 | 0.21 |
| Cortisol | Year of birth | 0.18 | 0.30 |
| State anxiety | University faculty | -0.12 | 0.36 |
| Likert | University faculty | -0.27 | 0.21 |
| PSS | University faculty | 0.17 | 0.18 |
| Cortisol | University faculty | -0.19 | 0.25 |
| State anxiety | Medication | 0.05 | 0.70 |
| Likert | Medication | 0.22 | 0.09 |
| PSS | Medication | 0.04 | 0.73 |
| Cortisol | Medication | 0.03 | 0.87 |
| State anxiety | Therapy | -0.09 | 0.52 |
| Likert | Therapy | 0.22 | 0.09 |
| PSS | Therapy | 0.19 | 0.13 |
| Cortisol | Therapy | -0.12 | 0.48 |
| TIPI | |||
| State anxiety | Extroversion | -0.06 | 0.67 |
| Likert | Extroversion | -0.13 | 0.35 |
| PSS | Extroversion | -0.04 | 0.74 |
| Cortisol | Extroversion | 0.18 | 0.30 |
| State anxiety | Agreeableness | 0.04 | 0.76 |
| Likert | Agreeableness | -0.03 | 0.84 |
| PSS | Agreeableness | 0.16 | 0.20 |
| Cortisol | Agreeableness | -0.03 | 0.87 |
| State anxiety | Conscientiousness | -0.03 | 0.84 |
| Likert | Conscientiousness | -0.02 | 0.91 |
| PSS | Conscientiousness | 0.39 | 0.02* |
| Cortisol | Conscientiousness | 0.13 | 0.44 |
| State anxiety | Emotional stability | 0.00 | 0.99 |
| Likert | Emotional stability | -0.16 | 0.23 |
| PSS | Emotional stability | 0.04 | 0.78 |
| Cortisol | Emotional stability | -1.70 | 0.32 |
| State anxiety | Openness | -0.28 | 0.29 |
| Likert | Openness | -0.27 | 0.29 |
| PSS | Openness | -0.03 | 0.82 |
| Cortisol | Openness | 0.10 | 0.60 |
| QOL | |||
| State anxiety | Physical | -0.17 | 0.27 |
| Likert | Physical | -0.01 | 0.38 |
| PSS | Physical | -0.07 | 0.62 |
| Cortisol | Physical | 0.06 | 0.73 |
| State anxiety | Psychological | -0.17 | 0.30 |
| Likert | Psychological | -0.01 | 0.94 |
| PSS | Psychological | -0.36 | 0.06 |
| Cortisol | Psychological | 0.04 | 0.82 |
| State anxiety | Social | -0.34 | 0.21 |
| Likert | Social | -0.27 | 0.08 |
| PSS | Social | -0.17 | 0.18 |
| Cortisol | Social | 0.16 | 0.35 |
| State anxiety | Environmental | -0.14 | 0.37 |
| Likert | Environmental | -0.13 | 0.41 |
| PSS | Environmental | -0.01 | 0.92 |
| Cortisol | Environmental | -0.15 | 0.39 |
| GOLD-MSI | |||
| State anxiety | Active engagement | 0.11 | 0.45 |
| Likert | Active engagement | -0.08 | 0.57 |
| PSS | Active engagement | -0.25 | 0.06 |
| Cortisol | Active engagement | 0.24 | 0.15 |
| State anxiety | Perceptual abilities | 0.04 | 0.80 |
| Likert | Perceptual abilities | -0.04 | 0.78 |
| PSS | Perceptual abilities | -0.25 | 0.06 |
| Cortisol | Perceptual abilities | -0.08 | 0.67 |
| State anxiety | Musical training | -0.11 | 0.43 |
| Likert | Musical training | -0.25 | 0.07 |
| PSS | Musical training | -0.02 | 0.85 |
| Cortisol | Musical training | 0.09 | 0.60 |
| State anxiety | Singing abilities | 0.05 | 0.73 |
| Likert | Singing abilities | -0.12 | 0.38 |
| PSS | Singing abilities | -0.07 | 0.58 |
| Cortisol | Singing abilities | 0.07 | 0.67 |
| State anxiety | Emotions | 0.11 | 0.42 |
| Likert | Emotions | 0.15 | 0.29 |
| PSS | Emotions | -0.16 | 0.22 |
| Cortisol | Emotions | 0.03 | 0.90 |
| State anxiety | General music sophistication | 0.01 | 0.93 |
| Likert | General music sophistication | -0.15 | 0.29 |
| PSS | General music sophistication | -0.12 | 0.36 |
| Cortisol | General music sophistication | 0.10 | 0.54 |
The variable Medication refers to the participants’ past or present use of psychotropic medication, and the variable Therapy refers to past or present experience with therapy.
*p < 0.05 with Benjamini–Hochberg corrections for multiple comparisons.