Table 1.
Demographic and disease-related data of patients and controls.
| SLE (n=284) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 50 ± 12 | |
| Women, n (%) | 261 (92) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 69 (24) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 16 (6) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 111 (39) | |
| Obesity, n (%) | 85 (30) | |
| SLE related data | ||
| Age at diagnosis, years | 34 ± 13 | |
| Disease duration, years | 16 ± 10 | |
| SLE classification criteria*, n (%) | 150 (88) | |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome, n (%) | 43 (16) | |
| Auto-antibody profile | ||
| Anti DNA positive, n (%) | 151 (67) | |
| ENA positive, n (%) | 164 (69) | |
| Anti-Sm | 24 (10) | |
| Anti-ribosome | 13 (9) | |
| Anti-nucleosome | 32 (22) | |
| Anti-histone | 22 (15) | |
| Anti-RNP | 64 (28) | |
| Anti-SSA/Ro | 55 (35) | |
| Anti-SSB/La | 36 (21) | |
| Any antiphospholipid antibody, n (%) | 61 (32) | |
| ACA IgM | 22 (11) | |
| ACA IgG | 39 (20) | |
| Anti beta2 glycoprotein IgM | 19 (10) | |
| Anti beta2 glycoprotein IgG | 28 (15) | |
| Disease scores | ||
| Median SLEDAI-2K | 2 (0-4) | |
| SLEDAI-2K categories | ||
| No activity, n (%) | 109 (40) | |
| Mild, n (%) | 107 (40) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 41 (15) | |
| High or Very High, n (%) | 14 (5) | |
| Median SDI | 1 (0-2) | |
| SDI ≥ 1, n (%) | 191 (68) | |
| Katz Index | 2 (1-4) | |
| Katz ≥ 3, n (%) | 126 (44) | |
| Functional complement assays, % | ||
| Classical pathway | 91 ± 38 | |
| Alternative pathway | 41 (12-79) | |
| Lectin pathway | 10 (1-41) | |
| Individual complement components | ||
| C1q, mg/dl | 34 ± 11 | |
| C2, mg/dl | 2.5 ± 1.2 | |
| C4, mg/dl | 21 ± 12 | |
| Factor D, ng/ml | 2593 ± 1835 | |
| C3, mg/dl | 130 ± 40 | |
| C3a, mg/dl | 39 ± 10 | |
| C1 inhibitor, mg/dl | 32 ± 9 | |
| Factor H, ng/ml x10e-3 | 388 (281 - 564) | |
| Immunosuppressants at the time of the visit | ||
| Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 140 (50) | |
| Prednisone equivalent daily dose, mg | 5 (5-7.5) | |
| Antimalarials drugs, n (%) | 194 (69) | |
| Methotrexate, n (%) | 31 (11) | |
| Azathioprine, n (%) | 43 (15) | |
| Mycophenolate mofetil, n (%) | 31 (11) | |
| Belimumab, n (%) | 8 (3) | |
| Rituximab, n (%) | 8 (3) | |
Data represent mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) when data were not normally distributed.
SLEDAI-2K categories were defined as: 0, no activity; 1-5 mild; 6-10 moderate; >10 high activity.
*Met either ACR1997 or SLICC 2012 classification criteria (ACR: American College of Rheumatology; SLICC: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics).
ACA, anticardiolipin antibodies; ENA, extractable nuclear antibodies; SDI, SLICC/ACR Damage Index; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus;. SLEDAI-2K, SLE Disease Activity Index.