Table 1.
Navigation Platform Planning Comparison
| Navigation Platform (No. Scans Used) | RB (n=5) | TTI-EMN (n=10) | CB-EMN (n=10) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Navigation pathway end to target, mean ± SD, mm | 9.4 ± 5.7 | 14.2 ± 12.9 | 17.2 ± 15.6 | <0.01 |
| Segmental airway generations built to target, mean ± SD | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 0.19 |
| Airway path taken (lobe) | ||||
| RUL | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
| RML | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| RLL | 8 | 8 | 8 | |
| LUL | 14 | 14 | 14 | |
| LLL | 7 | 7 | 7 | |
| Airway path taken (segment) | ||||
| Anterior | 12 | 11 | 12 | |
| Apical | 8 | 9 | 8 | |
| Posterior | 5 | 4 | 6 | |
| Medial | 2 | 3 | 2 | |
| Lateral | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
| Lingula | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| Apical-posterior | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
| Superior | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
| Virtual airway reconstruction from chest CT (No., VR/CT) | ||||
| Trachea | 25/25 | 24/25 | 24/25 | |
| Right lung | ||||
| Mainstem | 25/25 | 25/25 | 25/25 | |
| RULa | 68/68 | 68/68 | 65/68 | |
| RMLa | 48/50 | 45/50 | 44/50 | |
| RLLa | 116/118 | 118/118 | 110/118 | |
| Left lung | ||||
| Mainstem | 25/25 | 25/25 | 24/25 | |
| LULa | 54/54 | 52/54 | 53/54 | |
| Lingulaa | 49/49 | 50/49 | 48/49 | |
| LLLa | 95/99 | 96/99 | 97/99 | |
| VR distal airway generation (No. airways counted, mean±SD) | ||||
| Right lung | 71.2 ± 18.5 | 43.3 ± 23.0 | 37.6 ± 21.1 | <0.01 |
| Left lung | 67.7 ± 23.1 | 46.9 ± 20.5 | 42.3 ± 22.3 | <0.01 |
P values represent ANOVA comparisons.
a
Counts segments generated.
ANOVA indicates analysis of variance; CB-EMN, catheter based electromagnetic navigation; CT, computed tomography; LLL, left lower lobe; LUL, left upper lobe; RB, robotic bronchoscopy; RLL, right lower lobe; RML, right middle lobe; RUL, right upper lobe; TTI-EMN, tip-tracked electromagnetic navigation; VR, virtual reconstruction.