Structural comparison of the Vac8–Vac17, Vac–Atg13, and Vac8–Nvj1 complexes. (A) Surface representations of the Vac8–Vac17, Vac8–Atg13 (PDB ID: 6KBM), and Vac8–Nvj1 (PDB ID: 5XJG) complexes are displayed in the same orientation. ARM domains of Vac8 involved in the interactions with its binding partners are highlighted in yellow and the BSAs generated by the associations were calculated. Vac17, Atg13, and Nvj1 are colored green, cyan, and pink, respectively. (B) Competitive binding assays using ITC. Halo-tVac17 was titrated into Vac8–Atg13567–695 or Vac8–Nvj1229–321 complexes, and Atg13567–695 and Nvj1229–321 were titrated into Vac8–tVac17 complexes. The schematic diagrams below show the proteins used in the sample cell and syringe for experiments.