Table 1.
Characteristics of the Included Studies a
| Lead Author (Year) | Operative Procedure | Age, y, Mean ± SD (Range) | No. of Patients (M:F); Knees | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astur (2014) 2 | OAT | 37.6 (16-59) | 33 (17:16); 33 | 13 lateral, 13 medial, 5 both, 2 central |
| Astur (2017) 3 | OAT | — (26-45) | 20 (9:11); 20 | 12 lateral, 8 medial |
| Becher (2015) 4 | aMF b | 27 (15-40) | 5 (3:2); 5 | 1 lateral, 3 medial, 1 central |
| Chadli (2017) 8 | Mosaicplasty | 15 (12-17) | 7 (5:2); 8 | 4 central, 3 central, 1 superolateral |
| Cohen (2012) 10 | OAT | 38.06 ± 13.38 | 17 (8:9); 17 | 9 lateral, 7 medial, 1 central |
| Dhollander (2011) 11 | aMF c | 27 (24-45) | 5 (3:2); 5 | — |
| Figueroa (2011) 12 | OAT | 20.2 (15-38) | 10 (10:0); 10 | — |
| Gaweda (2006) 14 | OAT | 25.5 | 19 (—); 19 | — |
| Gigante (2009) 15 | MACI | 31 (25-35) | 12 (6:6); 14 | 5 medial, 7 diffuse |
| Gillogly (2014) 16 | ACI (periosteal) | 31.2 ± 7 | 23 (11:12); 25 | 6 lateral, 3 medial, 3 distal, 13 central/diffuse |
| Gracitelli (2015) 17 | OCA: shell technique | 33.7 (14-64) | 27 (13:14); 28 | — |
| Henderson (2006) 18 | ACI (periosteal) | ▪ ACI + TTO: 32.1 (17-56) | ▪ ACI + TTO: 22; 22 | 9 lateral, 10 medial, 6 distal, 19 proximal/diffuse |
| ▪ ACI: 35.1 (14-55) | ▪ ACI: 22; 22 | |||
| ▪ All: 44 (21:23); 44 | ||||
| Joshi (2012) 20 | Synthetic graft d | 33.6 (17-49) | 10 (4:6); 10 | 2 lateral, 3 medial, 1 distal, 4 diffuse |
| Macmull (2012) 22 | ACI-C (collagen I/II membrane sutured to the defect), MACI | ▪ ACI-C: 34.6 (17-50) | ▪ ACI-C: 25 (5:20); 25 | ▪ All: 13 lateral, 20 medial, 15 multifaceted ▪ ACI-C: 6 lateral, 8 medial, 11 multifaceted ▪ MACI: 7 lateral, 12 medial, 4 multifaceted |
| ▪ MACI: 35 (21-46) | ▪ACI: 23 (9:14); 2 | |||
| ▪ All: 34.8 (17-50) | ▪ All: 48 (14:34); 48 | |||
| Mehl (2019) 23 | ACI | 33.2 ± 10 | 78 (32:46); 78 | 14 lateral, 29 medial, 36 ridge |
| Nho (2008) 26 | OAT (Arthrex) | 30 ± 12 (15-57) | 22 (12:10); 22 | 9 lateral, 5 medial, 6 central, 2 inferior |
| Niemeyer (2008) 27 | MACI (BioSeed-C) | 34.3 ± 10.1 | 70 (—); 70 | — |
| Perdisa (2017) 30 | — | 30 ± 10 | 34 (18:16); 34 | — |
| Sadlik (2017) 32 | aMF e | 36 (22-52) | 12 (7:5); 12 | 3 lateral, 1 medial, 8 central |
| Teo (2013) 35 | ACI (periosteal), BMSC with periosteal patch | 16.8 (12-21) | 23 (19:4); 23 | — |
| Tompkins (2013) 36 | PJAC with fibrin glue (De Novo) | 26.4 ± 9.1 | 13 (6:9); 15 | 6 medial, 3 central, 3 inferior, 3 medial+central |
| Visona (2010) 37 | OAT/mosaicplasty | 20.5 ± 9.2 (14-39) | 6 (4:2); 6 | 2 superolateral, 2 mediolateral, 1 inferolateral, 1 medial |
| von Keudell (2017) 38 | ACI (periosteal) | 32 ± 10 (15-49) | 30 (12:18); 30 | — |
| Yonetani (2019) 41 | OAT (Zimmer) | 38 ± 8.8 (27-51) | 6 (5:1); 6 | — |
a Dashes indicate data not available. ACI, autologous chondrocyte implantation; ACI-C, autologous chondrocyte implantation–collagen; aMF, advanced microfracture; BMSC, bone marrow stem cell; F, female; M, male; MACI, matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; OAT, osteochondral autograft transplantation; OCA, osteochondral allograft transplantation; PJAC, particulate juvenile articular cartilage; TTO, tibial tubercle osteotomy.
b Microfracture + resorbable textile polyglycolic acid hyaluronan implant (membrane) secured with smart nail (open).
c (Microfracture + collagen matrix to cover the defect + fibrin glue) + platelet-rich plasma.
d Synthetic resorbable osteochondral scaffold plug (TruFit CB) + synthetic resorbable biphasic implants (composite hydrophilic polymer composed of polylactide coglycolide, calcium sulfate, and polyglycolide fibers).
e Microfracture + collagen matrix to cover the defect + fibrin glue (all arthroscopic).