Table A1.
Patient-Reported Outcome Scores and Complications a
| Lead Author (Year) | Procedure (No. of Knees at Follow-up) | Outcome | Score, Mean ± SD (Range) | Complications (No. [%]) | Concomitant Procedures | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative | Postoperative | |||||
| Astur (2014) 2 | OAT (33) | Lysholm | 57.27 ± 19.97 | 80.76 ± 12.26 | Arthrofibrosis (3 [9]) | — |
| Fulkerson | 54.24 ± 18.89 | 80.42 ± 10.20 | ||||
| Kujala | 54.76 ± 17.61 | 75.18 ± 12.47 | ||||
| SF-36 (physical) | 45.91 ± 13.31 | 63.64 ± 29.11 | ||||
| Astur (2017) 3 | OAT (20) | Kujala | 55.9 | 76.9 | Thigh hypotrophy (11 [55]) | — |
| Tegner | 0-5 | 5-9 (7) | ||||
| Becher (2015) 4 | aMF (5) | KOOS | — | 73 ± 19 (40-90) | None | 1 MPFL, 1 MPFL + TTO |
| Chadli (2017) 8 | Mosaicplasty (8) | IKDC | 49.9 (34.5-57.5) | 86.1 (70-100) | None | — |
| Lysholm | 53.8 (42-80) | 88.5 (69-100) | ||||
| Tegner | 4.5 (3-7) | 6.2 (4-7) | ||||
| Cohen (2012) 10 | OAT (17) | Lysholm | 54.59 ± 25.99 (9-98) | 75.76 ± 18.89 (36-100) | None | 1 MPFL, 6 lateral release |
| Fulkerson | 52.53 ± 25.80 (2-93) | 78.41 ± 18.76 (21-100) | ||||
| Kujala | 49.82 ± 22.04 (12-81) | 73.47 ± 17.66 (43-100) | ||||
| SF-36 (physical) | 45.88 ± 15.02 | 63.53 ± 30.09 | ||||
| Dhollander (2011) 11 | aMF (5) | KOOS | 65 (38-76) | 93 (62-97) | Hypertrophy (2 [40]), incomplete filling of defect (3 [60]) | 2 AMZ, 1 AMZ + MPFL |
| Tegner | 2 (1-3) | 3 (2-3) | ||||
| Kujala | 38 (30-55) | 71 (53-82) | ||||
| Figueroa (2011) 12 | OAT (10) | IKDC | — | 93.6 ± 1.74 (92-96) | None | MPFL, MF |
| Lysholm | 73.8 ± 8.36 (66-86) | 95 ± 4.47 (90-100) | ||||
| Gaweda (2006) 14 | OAT (19) | Marshall | 36.3 ± 2.1 | 46.2 ± 1.8 | — | AMZ + lateral release |
| Gigante (2009) 15 | MACI (14) | Lysholm | 55 (47-74) | 92.5 (85-99) | Pain (screw removal) (2 [14.2]) | AMZ |
| Kujala | 52 (43-69) | 88.5 (85-95) | ||||
| Mod Cincinnati | 2 (2-4) | 8 (6-10) | ||||
| Tegner | 1 (1 -1) | 4 (4-5) | ||||
| Gillogly (2014) 16 | ACI (25) | IKDC | 42.5 | 75.7 | Graft hypertrophy (8 [33]), failed (PFA) (1 [4]) | AMZ + lateral release |
| Mod Cincinnati | 3 | 7 | ||||
| Lysholm | 40.2 | 79.3 | ||||
| SF-12 | 41.2 | 47.6 | ||||
| Gracitelli (2015) 17 | OCA (28) | MA-P (18-point) | 12 | 15.2 | Debridement (9 [32.1]), hardware removal (6 [21.4]), ACLR (1 [3.5]), PF realignment (1 [3.5]), MUA (1 [3.5]), loose body removal (1 [3.5]), failed (8 [28.5]; 4 TKR, 2 PFR, 1 revision, 1 patellectomy | 7 lateral release, 3 realignment (vastus medialis imbrication, AMZ, MPFL) |
| IKDC | 36.5 | 66.5 | ||||
| KS-F | 64.4 | 80.5 | ||||
| Henderson (2006) 18 | ACI (44) | IKDC | 42.3 ± 17.2 | 68.1 ± 23 | 23 (52.2). Group A (ACI + TTO): 10 patients; 9 lesions with periosteal patch hypertrophy or extrusion, 2 with removal of an internal fixation device. Group B (ACI): 13 patients; 15 lesions with periosteal patch hypertrophy or extrusion, 1 new chondral defect. No group specified: 1 meniscectomy, 1 fat pad adhesion | 22 ACLR, AMZ with lateral release |
| SF-36 (physical) | 48.3 ± 16.2 | 61.4 ± 16.9 | ||||
| Joshi (2012) 20 | Synthetic graft (10) | KOOS | 64.7 (38-81) | 69.9 (5-90) | Pain, inflammation (7 [70]; 2 arthroplasty, 5 removal) | — |
| SF-36 | 64.1 (60-71) | 61.3 (52.4-80) | ||||
| Macmull (2012) 22 | ACI-C (25) MACI (23) |
Mod Cincinnati (6-100) | ▪ ACI-C: 42.12 (18-60) | ▪ ACI-C: 48.76 (11-83) | — | — |
| ▪ MACI: 48.39 (22-75) | ▪ MACI: 61.39 (8-100) | |||||
| ▪ All: 45.13 (18-75) | ▪ All: 54.81 (11-100) | |||||
| Stanmore (0-4) | ▪ ACI-C: 3.04 (1-4) | ▪ ACI-C: 2.44 (0-4) | ||||
| ▪ MACI: 2.78 (1-4) | ▪ MACI: 2.09 (0-4) | |||||
| ▪ All: 2.92 (0-4) | ▪ All: 2.27 (0-4) | |||||
| Mehl (2019) 23 | ACI (78) | IKDC | — | 64.7 ± 20.2 | Revision ACI (1 [1.2]), TKA (5 [6.4]) | 40 AMZ, lateral release |
| Kujala | 67.7 ± 20.2 | |||||
| Nho (2008) 26 | OAT (22) | IKDC | 47.2 ± 14 | 74.4 ± 12.3 | Hardware removal (3 [13.6]; of 9 concomitant TTO), chondromalacia (debridement; 1 [4.5]) | 9 AMZ, 13 lateral release, 3 proximal realignment |
| ADL | 60.1 ± 16.9 | 84.7 ± 8.3 | ||||
| SF-36 | 64 ± 14.8 | 79.4 ± 15.4 | ||||
| Niemeyer (2008) 27 | ACI (70) | Lysholm | — | 73 ± 22.4 | Transplant hypertrophy (2 [2]), wound healing (1 [1.4]), severely abnormal cases (9 [12.9]) | — |
| IKDC | — | 62 ± 21.5 | ||||
| Cincinnati | 34.4 ± 33.9 | 61.5 ± 21.5 | ||||
| Perdisa (2017) 30 | Synthetic graft (34) | IKDC | 39.5 ± 14.5 | 67.6 ± 17.4 | Realignment (2 [5.9]) | 9 realignment (tibial tubercle anteromedialization), 3 removal of posttraumatic calcification, 1 lateral release, 1 MPFL reconstruction, 1 MAT, 1 patellar tendon repair |
| Tegner | 1.8 ± 1 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | ||||
| Sadlik (2017) 32 | aMF (12) | KOOS | 50.3 (17.3-83.9) | 90.1 (77.4-100) | — | 2 AMZ, 1 MPFL, 1 HTO |
| IKDC | 37.4 (4.6-90.8) | 79.4 (42.5-100) | ||||
| Teo (2013) 35 | ACI (23) | IKDC | 45 (5.8-63) | 75 (40.2-96.6) | Periosteal hypertrophy (asymptomatic; 2 [8]) | — |
| Lysholm | 50 (11-79) | 70 (48-100) | ||||
| Tegner | 2.5 (0-5) | 4 (2-7) | ||||
| Tompkins (2013) 36 | PJAC (15) | IKDC | — | 73.3 ± 17.6 | Mild graft hypertrophy (1 needed debridement; 3 [20]), gross graft hypertrophy (debridement; 2 [13.3]), arthrofibrosis (MUA; 2 [13.3]) | 2 MPFL, 3 MPFL + AMZ |
| KOOS | 88.9 ± 12.9 | |||||
| Kujala | 79 (55-99) | |||||
| Tegner | 5 (3-9) | |||||
| Visona (2010) 37 | OAT/mosaicplasty (6) | IKDC | — | 66.3 (36.8-88.5) | None | 1 MPFL + AMZ |
| Lysholm | 85 (69-100) | |||||
| Tegner | 5.7 (4-9) | |||||
| von Keudell (2017) 38 | ACI (30) | Mod Cincinnati | 3.1 ± 1 | 5.7 ± 1.5 | Failed graft (3 [10]; 2 PF arthroplasty, 1 bicompartmental arthroplasty), graft hypertrophy (7 [23]), chondroplasty (5 [16]), arthrofibrosis (4 [13]), hardware removal (2 [6]) | 19 AMZ, 28 lateral release, 5 tracheoplasty |
| KSS | 55.7 ± 12.8 | 73 ± 14.7 | ||||
| WOMAC | 52.2 ± 16.9 | 27.9 ± 23.6 | ||||
| SF-36 | 40 ± 8.2 | 47 ± 10 | ||||
| Yonetani (2019) 41 | OAT (6) | Lysholm | 67 ± 8.8 (54-80) | 90 ± 13 (79-100) | Arthrofibrosis (MUA; 2 [33.3]) | — |
a Dashes indicate data not available. ACI, autologous chondrocyte implantation; ACI-C, autologous chondrocyte implantation–collagen; ACLR, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; ADL, Activities of Daily Living; aMF, advanced microfracture; AMZ, anteromedialization; HTO, high tibial osteotomy; IKDC, International Knee Documentation Committee; KOOS, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; KS-F, Knee Society–function; KSS, Knee Society Score; MACI, matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation; MA-P, Merle d’Aubigné and Postel score; MAT, meniscal allograft transplant; MF, microfracture; Mod, modified; MPFL, medial patellofemoral ligament; MUA, manipulation under anesthesia; OAT, osteochondral autograft transplantation; OCA, osteochondral allograft transplantation; PF, patellofemoral; PFA, patellofemoral arthroplasty; PFR, patellofemoral replacement; PJAC, particulate juvenile articular cartilage; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; TKA, total knee arthroplasty; TKR, total knee replacement; TTO, tibial tubercle osteotomy; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index.