Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of women with GDM and non-GDM
| Characteristics | Mean ± SD or N (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GDM group (n = 1632) | non-GDM group (n = 9067) | ||
| Maternal Age (years) | 33.02 ± 4.36 | 30.80 ± 4.53 | < 0.001 |
| 20–29 | 425(26.04) | 3835(42.30) | < 0.001 |
| 30–34 | 650(39.83) | 3409(37.60) | |
| ≥ 35 | 557(34.13) | 1823(20.10) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 21.64 ± 2.94 | 20.66 ± 2.64 | < 0.001 |
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 228(13.97) | 1804(19.90) | < 0.001 |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 1215(74.45) | 6683(73.71) | |
| Overweight and obese (≥ 25.0) | 189(11.58) | 580(6.40) | |
| Gestational weight gain | |||
| Appropriate | 696(42.65) | 3752(41.38) | < 0.001 |
| Inadequate | 612(37.50) | 3991(44.02) | |
| Excessive | 324(19.85) | 1324(14.60) | |
| Maternal education [n (%)] | |||
| ≤ Junior school | 165(10.11) | 917(10.11) | 0.896 |
| High school | 199(12.19) | 1162(12.82) | |
| ≥ University | 1268(77.69) | 6988(77.07) | |
| Caesarean history [n (%)] | 402(24.63) | 2531(27.91) | < 0.001 |
| Parity | |||
| Nulliparous | 861(52.76) | 5495(60.60) | < 0.001 |
| Multiparous | 771(47.24) | 3572(39.40) | |
| IVF [n (%)] | 176(10.78) | 621(6.85) | < 0.001 |
| Mode of delivery [n (%)] | |||
| Vaginal | 890(54.53) | 5423(59.81) | < 0.001 |
| Cesarean | 742(45.47) | 3644(40.19) | |
| Gestational age (weeks, mean ± SD) | 38.35 ± 1.75 | 37.58 ± 2.67 | < 0.001 |
| FPG on OGTT (mmol/L) | 5.59 ± 0.83 | 4.12 ± 0.47 | < 0.001 |
| 2-h blood glucose on OGTT (mmol/L) | 8.75 ± 1.69 | 7.21 ± 1.92 | < 0.001 |
GDM Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, IVF In-vitro fertilization, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test
SD Standard deviation, pp BMI Pre-pregnancy body mass index, IVF In-vitro fertilization, FBG Fasting Plasma Glucose, OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test