Table 4.
Association of maternal lipid profile in third trimester of pregnancy with adverse pregnancy outcomes among GDM and non-GDM group
| TC, AOR (95%CI) | TG, AOR (95%CI) | LDL, AOR (95%CI) | HDL, AOR (95%CI) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDM-group | non-GDM-group | P | GDM-group | non-GDM-group | P | GDM-group | non-GDM-group | P | GDM-group | non-GDM-group | P | |
| Maternal outcome | ||||||||||||
| Caesarean delivery | 1.212(0.848–1.525) | 0.923(0.741–1.532) | 0.773 | 1.834(1.453–2.019)*** | 1.229(1.087–2.314)* | 0.001 | 1.137(0.748–1.327) | 0.928(0.729–1.518) | 0.000 | 0.527(0.413–0.783)* | 0.823(0.612–1.276) | 0.011 |
| PROM | 1.324(0.759–1.594) | 1.014(0.715–1.578) | 0.687 | 1.313(0.819–1.713) | 0.965(0.745–1.918) | 0.473 | 0.683(0.457–1.248) | 1.182(0.689–1.563) | 0.293 | 0.823(0.419–1.364) | 1.319(0.612–1.186) | 0.209 |
| Preterm birth | 1.213(0.693–1.712) | 0.859(0.699–1.325) | 0.628 | 1.322(0.812–1.921) | 1.019(0.819–1.873) | 0.801 | 0.789(0.479–1.469) | 1.218(0.824–1.921) | 0.512 | 0.722(0.335–1.846) | 0.935(0.427–2.161) | 0.785 |
| Abruptio placentae | 1.213(0.646–2.535) | 0.911(0.657–1.984) | 0.594 | 0.689(0.387–1.312) | 1.124(0.549–1.385) | 0.348 | 0.826(0.319–2.294) | 0.994(0.512–1.946) | 0.902 | 0.387(0.124–1.517) | 0.715(0.252–1.197) | 0.401 |
| PPH | 0.732(0.486–1.197) | 1.235(0.764–1.597) | 0.546 | 1.209(0.894–1.425) | 1.321(0.873–1.529) | 0.879 | 1.237(0.739–2.152) | 1.253(0.728–2.093) | 0.989 | 1.542(0.579–3.294) | 1.127(0.534–2.754) | 0.695 |
| Neonatal outcome | ||||||||||||
| LGA | 1.026(0.785–1.461) | 0.919(0.748–1.643) | 0.801 | 2.326(1.728–2.914)*** | 1.393(1.102–2.003)** | < 0.001 | 1.303(0.736–1.748) | 0.969(0.515–1.594) | 0.321 | 0.525(0.319–0.832)* | 0.659(0.423–1.269) | 0.015 |
| SGA | 0.797(0.623–1.713) | 1.129(0.839–1.732) | 0.782 | 1.039(0.826–1.549) | 0.783(0.594–1.798) | 0.733 | 1.785(0.549–5.593) | 1.547(0.769–3.652) | 0.794 | 0.993(0.232–3.894) | 1.065(0.216–3.268) | 0.879 |
| Macrosomia | 0.848(0.579–1.521) | 0.872(0.528–1.397) | 0.966 | 2.032(1.503–2.627)*** | 1.179(1.012–1.977)* | < 0.001 | 0.793(0.449–1.583) | 1.081(0.546–1.626) | 0.734 | 1.023(0.543–1.973) | 1.203(0.326–1.959) | 0.801 |
| LBW | 0.632(0.236–1.818) | 0.836(0.364–2.014) | 0.764 | 0.945(0.725–1.703) | 0.795(0.537–1.892) | 0.738 | 2.136(0.648–6.259) | 1.796(0.386–4.287) | 0.415 | 0.498(0.138–3.567) | 0.847(0.458–1.896) | 0.193 |
| NUD | 1.469(0.597–1.799) | 1.218(0.516–1.862) | 0.761 | 1.993(1.724–2.517)*** | 1.221(1.098–1.983)* | < 0.001 | 1.409(0.795–1.849) | 0.819(0.516–1.682) | 0.356 | 0.319(0.193–0.508)*** | 0.519(0.264–0.728)* | 0.006 |
AOR (95% CI) was adjusted for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, parity, IVF, caesarean history and abortion history by multivariate analyses
GDM Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglyceride, LDL Low density lipoprotein, HDL High density lipoprotein; AOR Adjusted odds ratio, PROM Premature rupture of the membranes, PPH Postpartum hemorrhage, LGA Large for gestational age, SGA Small for gestational age, LBW Low birth weight, NUD Neonatal unit admission. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, *p < 0.05,
P value for the interaction to compare the relative risk of outcome between GDM and non-GDM women