Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the sample, overall and stratified by birthplace.
| Overall | US-born (n = 27) | Haitian (n = 28) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Median age, years (IQR) | 53 (47–59) | 55 (51–59) | 51 (42.5–56) | 0.03 |
|
| ||||
| US-born, n (%) | 27 (49.1)) | 26 (96.3) | 1 (3.7) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Male, n (%) | 29 (52.7) | 15 (55.6) | 14 (50) | 0.68 |
|
| ||||
| Chronic HBV Infection, n (%) | 15 (27.3) | 7 (25.9) | 8 (28.6) | 0.83 |
|
| ||||
| Marital Status, n (%) | ||||
| Married | 20 (36.4) | 2 (7.4) | 18 (64.3) | < 0.001 |
| Divorced | 8 (14.6) | 8 (29.6) | 0 | |
| Widowed | 2 (3.6) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Separated | 12 (21.8) | 6 (22.2) | 6 (21.4) | |
| Never Married | 12 (21.8) | 9 (33.3) | 3 (10.7) | |
| Unmarried Partner | 1 (1.8) | 1 (3.7) | 0 | |
|
| ||||
| Employment Status, n(%) | ||||
| Employment for wages | 18 (33.3) | 5 (18.5) | 13 (48.2) | 0.48 |
| Self-employed | 8 (14.8) | 5 (18.5) | 3 (11.1) | |
| Out of work for > 1 year | 8 (14.8) | 5 (18.5) | 3 (11.1) | |
| Out of work for <1 year | 2 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) | |
| A homemaker | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| A student | 5 (9.3) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (7.4) | |
| Retired | 3 (5.6) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (3.7) | |
| Unable to work | 10 (18.5) | 6 (22.2) | 4 (14.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Highest Education Level | ||||
| Never attended school | 2 (3.7) | 0 | 2 (7.4) | 0.02 |
| Grades 1–8 | 6 (11.1) | 0 | 6 (22.2) | |
| Grades 9–11 | 10 (18.5) | 7 (25.9) | 3 (11.1) | |
| Grade 12/GED | 18 (33.3) | 13 (48.2) | 5 (18.5) | |
| College (1–3 Years) | 10 (18.5) | 3 (11.1) | 7 (25.9) | |
| College Graduate | 5 (9.3) | 2 (7.4) | 3 (11.1) | |
| Grad/Adv Degree | 3 (5.6) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (3.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Median SAHL Score, (IQR) | 14 (12–16) | 15 (14–17) | 13 (11–14.5) | 0.01 |
|
| ||||
| Hypertensive, n (%) | 26 (47.3) | 12 (44.4) | 14 (50) | 0.68 |
|
| ||||
| Obese/Overweight, n (%) | 7 (12.7) | 4 (14.8) | 3 (10.7) | 0.65 |
|
| ||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 12 (21.8) | 7 (25.9) | 5 (17.9) | 0.47 |
|
| ||||
| High cholesterol, n (%) | 17 (30.9) | 7 (25.) | 10 (35.7) | 0.43 |
|
| ||||
| Previous non-liver cancer, n (%) | 4 (7.3) | 3 (11.1) | 1 (3.6) | 0.28 |
|
| ||||
| Smoking Status, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Current | 8 (14.8) | 7 (26.9) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Former | 17 (31.5) | 12 (46.2) | 5 (17.9) | |
| Never | 29 (53.7) | 7 (26.9) | 21 (78.6) | |
|
| ||||
| Drug Use, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| None | 37 (69.8) | 12 (44.4) | 25 (96.2) | |
| Current | 4 (7.6) | 4 (14.8) | 0 | |
| Past | 12 (22.6) | 11 (40.7)) | 1 (3.9) | |
|
| ||||
| Alcoholic Drinks/Day, n (%) | 0.39 | |||
| Non-drinker | 23 (44.2) | 9 (33.3) | 14 (56) | |
| Less than 1 | 16 (30.8) | 9 (33.3) | 7 (28) | |
| One | 4 (7.7) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (8) | |
| Two | 4 (7.7) | 4 (14.8) | 0 | |
| Three to five | 1 (1.9) | 1 (3.7) | 0 | |
| More than five | 2 (3.9) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (4) | |
| Prefer not to comment | 2 (3.9) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (4) | |
|
| ||||
| Seen by a liver specialist, n (%) | 13 (24.1) | 4 (15.4) | 9 (32.1) | 0.11 |
|
| ||||
| Heard of HBV, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 32 (60.4) | 20 (76.9) | 12 (44.4) | 0.05 |
| No | 20 (37.7) | 6 (23.1) | 14 (51.9) | |
| Don’t know | 1 (1.9) | 0 | 1 (3.7) | |
|
| ||||
| Know a person with HBV, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 9 (17) | 5 (19.2) | 4 (14.8) | 0.29 |
| No | 42 (79.3) | 19 (73.1) | 23 (85.2) | |
| Don’t know | 2 (3.8) | 2 (7.7) | 0 | |
|
| ||||
| Know a person with cirrhosis, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 10 (19.2) | 5 (19.2) | 5 (19.2) | 1 |
| No | 40 (76.9) | 20 (76.9) | 20 (76.9) | |
| Don’t know | 2 (3.9) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (3.9) | |
|
| ||||
| Know a person with liver cancer, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 12 (23.1) | 8 (30.8) | 4 (15.4) | 0.41 |
| No | 36 (69.2) | 16 (61.5) | 20 (76.9) | |
| Don’t know | 4 (7.7) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (2.2) | |
|
| ||||
| Help needed with questionnaire, n (%) | 15 (34.9) | 1 (6.3) | 14 (51.9) | 0.002 |
Abbreviations: GED = General Education Diploma, HBV = hepatitis B, IQR = interquartile range, SAHL = Short Assessment of Health Literacy, US = United States