Table 2.
Participant characteristics, baseline: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, 2000 to 2002
| All participant | HCVD | No HCVD | P. value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N total | 6779 | 370 | 6409 | |
| N (%) | ||||
| Age | 62.2 ± 10.2 | 68.0 ± 9.7 | 61.8 ± 10.2 | < 0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 3197(47.2) | 220(59.5) | 2977(46.5) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 3582(52.8) | 150(40.5) | 3432(53.5) | |
| Education | ||||
| Less than diploma | 1215(17.0) | 85(23.0) | 1130(17.7) | < 0.001 |
| Diploma or some college | 2814(41.6) | 169(45.8) | 2645(41.4) | |
| College degree or higher | 2729(40.4) | 115(31.2) | 2614(40.9) | |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian -Americans | 2614(38.6) | 156(42.2) | 2458(38.3) | 0.003 |
| Chinese -Americans | 801(11.8) | 22(5.9) | 779(12.2) | |
| African -American | 1879(27.7) | 102(27.6) | 1777(27.7) | |
| Hispanic -Americans | 1485(22.9) | 90(24.3) | 1395(21.8) | |
| Alcohol status | ||||
| Never | 1382(20.5) | 74(20.1) | 1308(20.6) | 0.004 |
| Former | 1609(23.9) | 114(31.0) | 1495(23.5) | |
| Current | 3739(55.6) | 180(48.9) | 3559(55.9) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 3400(50.3) | 172(46.6) | 3228(50.5) | 0.003 |
| Former | 2475(36.6) | 127(34.4) | 2348(36.7) | |
| Current | 884(13.1) | 70(19.0) | 814(12.8) | |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Normal | 4972(73.6) | 226(61.3) | 4746(74.3) | < 0.001 |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 933(13.8) | 54(14.6) | 879(13.8) | |
| Untreated diabetes mellitus | 179(2.6) | 10(2.7) | 169(2.6) | |
| Treated diabetes mellitus | 671(10.0) | 79(21.4) | 5928(9.3) | |
| Current aspirin use(at least 3 days/wk) | ||||
| No | 5202(80.0) | 270(76.5) | 4932(80.3) | 0.07 |
| Yes | 1201(20.0) | 83(23.5) | 1208(19.7) | |
| Hypertension medication use | ||||
| No | 4250(62.7) | 175(47.4) | 4075(63.60) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 2526(37.3) | 194(52.6) | 2332(36.4) | |
| Family history of heart attack | ||||
| No | 3639(57.3) | 162(47.2) | 3477(57.8) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 2722(42.8) | 181(52.8) | 2541(42.2) | |
| Mean(SD) | ||||
| Age, y | 62.2(10.2) | 68.0(9.7) | 61.8(10.2) | < 0.001 |
| Height, cm | 166.4(10.0) | 166.6(10.4) | 166.3(9.9) | 0.32 |
| Total intentional exercise (MET-min/wk) | 1556.2(2344.0) | 1260.7(1808.8) | 1573.2(2370.2) | 0.006 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 117.2(31.5) | 118.7(31.7) | 117.1(31.5) | 0.34 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 51.0(14.8) | 47.4(13.7) | 51.2(14.9) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 126.6(21.5) | 137.8(23.0) | 125.9(21.2) | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 131.5(88.8) | 143.6(81.4) | 130.8(89.2) | < 0.001 |
| BMI,Kg/m2 | 28.3(5.4) | 28.6(5.1) | 28.3(5.4) | 0.17 |
| C-Reactive Protein, mg/L | 3.8(5.8) | 4.3(6.0) | 3.7(5.8) | 0.03 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 346.7(73.9) | 369.4(82.5) | 345.4(73.2) | < 0.001 |
| Interleukine-6 | 1.6(1.2) | 1.9(1.4) | 1.5(1.2) | < 0.001 |
| Psychosocial factor | ||||
| CES-D (Range,0–60) | 7.6(7.6) | 8.1(8.1) | 7.5(7.5) | 0.06 |
| CBS (Range,0–5) | 1.2(1.2) | 1.3(1.2) | 1.2(1.2) | 0.15 |
| ESS (Range,6–30) | 24.1(5.2) | 23.8(5.5) | 24.2(5.3) | 0.36 |
| Anxiety (Range,10–40) | 15.9(4.5) | 15.8(4.6) | 15.9(4.5) | 0.62 |
BMI indicates body mass index; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; LDL-c, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; and CVD, cardiovascular disease; CBS, Chronic Burden Scale; ESS, Emotional Social Support
*P values from t tests or χ2 tests or, as appropriate, are for comparisons of those who did or did not experience a CVD during follow-up