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. 2023 Apr 14;9(4):e15482. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15482

Table 7.

Biosensors for the detection of foodborne pathogens.

Biosensor Target pathogen Source Bioreceptor Electrode Detection limit Assay time References
Amperometric biosensor Escherichia coli O157:H7 Milk Antibody Nickel oxide thin film 10 cells/mL – [148]
Salmonella Typhimurium Milk Antibody Gold screen-printed 10 CFU/mL 125 min [323]
Voltammetric biosensor Listeria monocytogenes Dairy products, meat Enzyme Gold nanoparticles carbon 9 CFU/mL 1 min [324]
Salmonella spp. Milk Antibody Urease coated gold nanoparticles 101 CFU/mL 14 min [325]
Potentiometric biosensor Salmonella typhimurium Apple juice Antibody Paper-based strip 5 cells/mL 1 h [156]
Staphylococcus aureus Pig Cell Aptamer based graphene 8 × 102 CFU/mL – [326]
Impedimetric biosensor Salmonella spp. Milk Cell Nisin molecules with gold 1.5 × 101 CFU/mL 1 min [327]
Escherichia coli O157:H7 Culture Cell Fabricated affinity peptides 20 CFU/mL 30 min [328]
Colorimetric biosensor Staphylococcus aureus Culture DNA Aptamer based 81 CFU/mL 5.5 h [208]
Campylobacter jejuni Chicken, meat Antibody Lactoferrin-based 10 CFU/mL 20 min [329]
Fluorescent biosensor Escherichia coli O157:H7 Apple juice Protein Magnetic DNAzyme-copper 1.57 CFU/mL 1.5 h [175]
Listeria monocytogenes Culture Cell Aptamer-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles 8 CFU/mL 2 h [330]
SPR biosensor Campylobacter jejuni Chicken Antibody surface
plasmon resonance		 131 ± 4 CFU/mL – [177]
Listeria monocytogenes Milk Carbohydrate Wheat germ agglutinin 3.25 log CFU/100 – [179]
SERS biosensor Salmonella typhimurium Culture DNA Gold modified magnetic nanoparticles 4 CFU/mL 40 min [331]
Staphylococcus aureus Orange juice Cell Aptamer-Fe3O4@Au magnetic nanoparticles 21.1 ± 1.5 cell/mL 50 min [135]
Piezoelectric biosensor Campylobacter jejuni Poultry Antibody Magnetic nanobeads 20–30 CFU/mL 30 min [332]
QCM biosensor Escherichia coli O157:H7 Culture DNA Aptamer based quartz crystal microbalance 1.46 × 103 CFU/mL 50 min [333]
SAW biosensor Escherichia coli Packaged food Antibody Aluminum nitride based 6.54 × 105 CFU/mL 10 min [191]
Magnetostrictive Biosensor Salmonella Typhimurium Poultry and meat Cell Carbon-coated copper grid 108 CFU/mL 25 min [334]

SPR: Surface plasmon resonance, SERS: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, QCM: quartz crystal microbalance, SAW: surface acoustic wave, CFU: colony forming unit.