TABLE 1.

Cytokine levels in blood of mice at 1 and 3 h after administration of LPS, ciprofloxacin, or trovafloxacin

Groupa	Time (h)	Serum cytokine level (ng/ml)b of:
		IL-1α	IL-2	IL-4	IL-6	IL-10	IL-12	IFN-γ	TNF-α
Control	1	0.16 ± 0.8	0.57 ± 0.2	2.32 ± 0.9	0.58 ± 0.1	0.47 ± 0.03	1.79 ± 0.08	0.12 ± 0.01	1.43 ± 0.5
	3	0.26 ± 0.07	0.48 ± 0.1	0.56 ± 0.04	0.53 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.1	2.2 ± 0.1	0.31 ± 0.08	0.64 ± 0.1
LPS	1	0.3 ± 0.1*	1.2 ± 0.5*	6.4 ± 1.3*	20.4 ± 10.5	0.9 ± 0.4	5.8 ± 2.1*	1.0 ± 0.1*	4.6 ± 1.6*
	3	1.2 ± 0.5*	3.6 ± 0.9*	2.1 ± 0.2*	31.2 ± 1.5*	1.9 ± 0.3*	42.0 ± 12.3*	1.3 ± 0.08*	10.0 ± 3.2*
Cipro	1	0.23 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.3*	9.9 ± 2.0*	1.0 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.1	9.7 ± 3.5*	0.9 ± 0.1*	1.0 ± 0.4
	3	0.38 ± 0.1	2.2 ± 0.9*	2.5 ± 0.3*	0.5 ± 0.2	1.7 ± 0.4*	2.6 ± 1.5	1.4 ± 0.1*	5.5 ± 1.7*
Trova	1	0.24 ± 0.08	0.9 ± 0.2*	8.1 ± 2.5*	2.3 ± 0.9*	1.3 ± 0.4*	5.1 ± 1.1*	1.1 ± 0.2*	1.4 ± 0.6
	3	0.18 ± 0.1	1.9 ± 0.5*	1.8 ± 0.1*	0.2 ± 0.05	1.9 ± 0.5*	1.8 ± 1.2	1.3 ± 0.1*	8.9 ± 1.0*

^aCombined results using 10 mice per group. Control, mice treated with diluent of the antibiotics perorally (p.o.) and diluent of LPS i.v.; LPS, mice treated with diluent of the antibiotics p.o. and 1,000 μg of LPS i.v.; Cipro, mice treated with 100 mg of ciprofloxacin p.o. per kg and diluent of LPS i.v.; Trova, mice treated with 100 mg of trovafloxacin p.o. per kg and diluent of LPS i.v. 

^b∗, P value of ≤0.05 compared to the control group (Welch's modified t test).