Fig. 3.

Association of monocytes' signatures with COVID-19 disease severity and recovery.

(A) Proportion of monocyte cells from each disease severity category in each cluster. Cluster M5 (interferon-stimulated monocytes) appears enriched in asymptomatic patients, while cluster M4 (nonclassical monocytes) appears enriched in hospitalized patients.

(B) Proportion of monocytes in outpatients and sero-negative controls separated by time. Changes in monocyte proportions in these patients are largely not sensitive to time since disease.

(C) Interferon stimulated gene expression in cells separated by disease severity. Both genes appear to be most highly expressed among asymptomatic patients.

(D) Expression of interferon stimulated genes in cells derived from outpatients and sero-negative controls only separated by time from disease. These genes show very little change over time.

C-D: Significance of gene expression difference in individual groups evaluated by Wilcoxon comparison of group-cell expression levels with Sero-Negative-cell expression levels. Significance values: ns: p > 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.