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. 2023 May 5;18(5):e0285211. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285211

Table 7. The PSNR results for all algorithms.

Image Name Level HGJO GJO IGJO RUN AOA DE PSO
Mean STD Mean STD Mean STD Mean STD Mean STD Mean STD Mean STD
C0080 8 24.49 4.05E-02 22.23 7.44E-01 23.29 4.29E-01 22.48 6.72E-01 23.35 2.77E-01 24.38 1.37E-02 18.67 1.23E+00
16 29.64 1.23E-01 27.32 9.44E-01 27.37 9.60E-01 28.06 6.36E-01 28.32 5.83E-01 27.62 3.88E-01 23.61 9.81E-01
24 34.82 5.66E-01 30.57 8.25E-01 29.67 1.13E+00 31.79 5.29E-01 31.60 6.71E-01 29.30 1.08E+00 26.08 1.35E+00
32 37.86 2.54E-01 31.39 1.12E+00 31.66 9.20E-01 33.13 7.09E-01 34.18 6.69E-01 31.09 1.16E+00 29.66 1.01E+00
C0088 8 24.43 3.82E-03 23.80 1.87E-01 24.14 9.64E-02 24.19 5.86E-02 24.32 3.60E-02 24.42 6.67E-03 19.90 9.88E-01
16 30.31 3.29E-02 27.69 5.86E-01 28.11 5.34E-01 28.63 3.54E-01 29.67 1.49E-01 28.87 1.31E-01 25.37 7.67E-01
24 33.88 7.34E-02 30.29 7.56E-01 30.99 4.90E-01 31.65 3.20E-01 32.76 1.47E-01 31.43 2.36E-01 26.86 8.28E-01
32 36.45 1.20E-01 32.80 6.64E-01 32.77 5.70E-01 33.59 5.92E-01 35.21 1.44E-01 33.11 3.22E-01 29.08 8.26E-01
C0132 8 25.06 9.41E-03 24.04 3.70E-01 24.00 3.24E-01 24.50 1.32E-01 24.47 1.84E-01 25.06 2.55E-03 21.80 7.87E-01
16 30.21 1.12E-01 28.45 4.60E-01 28.44 5.82E-01 28.83 3.68E-01 28.56 3.12E-01 27.15 7.10E-01 24.53 1.03E+00
24 33.67 1.32E-01 30.53 8.49E-01 30.76 5.64E-01 31.96 4.37E-01 32.31 2.78E-01 30.18 6.07E-01 27.45 8.25E-01
32 36.54 2.06E-01 31.11 1.11E+00 33.01 7.12E-01 34.66 4.48E-01 34.42 3.38E-01 31.44 7.07E-01 29.51 9.41E-01
C0135 8 24.88 1.49E-02 22.72 6.23E-01 23.80 2.50E-01 24.62 7.07E-02 24.66 4.91E-02 24.85 1.29E-02 20.93 6.83E-01
16 30.86 2.71E-02 27.30 7.52E-01 28.88 4.79E-01 29.04 3.22E-01 29.84 1.88E-01 28.69 3.60E-01 22.41 1.42E+00
24 34.36 5.83E-02 31.40 4.87E-01 30.84 7.32E-01 31.60 4.42E-01 32.33 3.44E-01 31.46 2.91E-01 28.01 8.52E-01
32 36.99 1.55E-01 33.25 7.34E-01 32.73 8.07E-01 33.97 5.09E-01 34.77 2.39E-01 33.18 3.62E-01 28.91 1.12E+00
C0180 8 25.93 7.28E-15 24.13 7.54E-01 24.14 4.32E-01 25.79 4.54E-02 24.48 6.67E-01 25.92 1.60E-02 19.93 1.34E+00
16 31.50 1.29E-01 28.27 8.29E-01 29.09 7.22E-01 29.28 4.50E-01 29.58 6.41E-01 28.28 5.83E-01 26.59 1.08E+00
24 35.56 1.79E-01 30.85 9.47E-01 31.25 9.23E-01 31.90 6.97E-01 31.40 8.09E-01 31.20 7.19E-01 26.83 1.45E+00
32 38.02 3.85E-01 33.10 7.69E-01 34.51 5.80E-01 34.81 7.18E-01 34.78 6.03E-01 32.67 8.31E-01 29.27 1.46E+00
C0536 8 23.96 1.20E-02 23.10 5.06E-01 23.15 3.92E-01 23.96 1.72E-01 23.92 1.30E-01 23.93 7.28E-15 19.21 9.90E-01
16 30.47 2.06E-01 27.36 8.19E-01 28.59 5.59E-01 29.66 3.74E-01 28.43 4.67E-01 28.44 5.46E-01 25.25 1.10E+00
24 34.82 2.39E-01 30.63 8.74E-01 31.74 6.40E-01 32.40 3.95E-01 32.08 3.16E-01 30.74 6.31E-01 26.26 1.42E+00
32 37.09 2.12E-01 32.63 1.08E+00 33.44 6.58E-01 34.26 5.18E-01 34.63 3.94E-01 33.00 5.55E-01 30.15 1.10E+00
C1088 8 22.72 3.61E-02 21.41 6.58E-01 20.96 6.48E-01 21.90 5.84E-01 22.55 1.57E-01 22.64 1.70E-02 14.25 2.08E+00
16 30.20 1.52E-01 25.01 1.14E+00 26.89 8.42E-01 27.74 5.48E-01 28.49 6.76E-01 26.10 9.36E-01 20.20 1.72E+00
24 34.42 2.71E-01 28.28 1.25E+00 28.86 8.17E-01 29.57 8.20E-01 31.94 7.32E-01 30.19 8.93E-01 25.24 1.76E+00
32 37.08 2.96E-01 29.26 1.13E+00 30.97 1.08E+00 30.14 1.23E+00 33.39 8.25E-01 32.09 7.79E-01 25.89 1.83E+00
L0032 8 19.41 8.40E-02 18.27 3.89E-01 18.27 3.90E-01 18.27 1.36E+00 18.77 3.27E-01 19.13 5.91E-04 17.15 1.24E+00
16 23.11 2.20E-01 18.27 3.27E+00 19.61 3.33E+00 20.23 3.08E+00 20.01 2.88E+00 21.07 9.06E-01 19.21 1.87E+00
24 26.59 5.89E-01 22.93 2.89E+00 21.06 3.70E+00 28.12 1.30E+00 22.29 2.55E+00 20.99 1.83E+00 19.33 3.11E+00
32 33.67 1.51E+00 24.71 2.36E+00 26.27 2.36E+00 23.23 3.22E+00 24.63 2.52E+00 21.87 2.73E+00 21.09 3.25E+00
L0064 8 22.97 9.47E-02 21.97 4.48E-01 22.70 2.81E-01 21.11 7.57E-01 22.70 2.40E-01 22.70 8.62E-02 20.32 7.46E-01
16 29.35 2.97E-01 26.34 1.38E+00 28.05 9.55E-01 29.90 3.12E-01 27.30 1.18E+00 25.09 9.36E-01 22.62 1.72E+00
24 33.15 3.16E-01 27.95 1.45E+00 30.39 8.34E-01 32.42 5.99E-01 31.42 8.71E-01 28.40 9.43E-01 23.92 1.75E+00
32 37.55 6.83E-01 32.91 8.16E-01 32.90 1.06E+00 34.96 6.14E-01 33.69 6.63E-01 29.35 1.70E+00 24.30 2.22E+00
L0135 8 22.65 2.40E-03 21.18 5.20E-01 22.15 8.36E-01 21.20 9.25E-01 22.64 2.73E-01 22.64 2.51E-03 18.91 1.23E+00
16 26.98 2.31E-01 24.73 1.78E+00 23.84 2.53E+00 27.72 1.25E+00 25.12 2.11E+00 24.58 1.10E+00 22.73 1.42E+00
24 34.26 1.30E+00 27.25 2.22E+00 27.33 2.12E+00 32.20 1.07E+00 27.91 2.58E+00 25.72 1.54E+00 24.53 2.32E+00
32 37.40 2.29E+00 31.09 1.32E+00 28.63 2.04E+00 31.15 1.81E+00 28.48 2.80E+00 26.62 1.69E+00 26.11 2.46E+00
L0158 8 22.18 3.73E-02 20.09 8.82E-01 20.95 4.25E-01 22.15 7.18E-01 21.80 3.12E-01 22.01 7.28E-15 16.66 1.40E+00
16 28.77 3.08E-01 25.99 1.28E+00 25.58 1.38E+00 28.95 5.23E-01 28.96 5.72E-01 25.42 9.80E-01 21.43 2.13E+00
24 33.98 5.43E-01 29.91 9.75E-01 28.55 1.47E+00 32.27 4.67E-01 32.12 6.11E-01 25.62 1.27E+00 23.21 2.32E+00
32 36.91 6.09E-01 32.29 8.77E-01 30.86 1.50E+00 31.23 1.23E+00 33.77 8.02E-01 29.66 1.42E+00 25.87 1.86E+00
L0226 8 21.42 7.28E-15 19.79 9.06E-01 21.40 2.31E-01 21.29 5.09E-01 21.02 2.70E-01 21.42 1.58E-03 19.04 1.48E+00
16 29.47 4.40E-01 26.65 1.48E+00 26.62 1.75E+00 28.15 1.14E+00 25.90 1.91E+00 24.03 1.62E+00 21.29 2.26E+00
24 36.22 6.15E-01 32.38 8.56E-01 32.12 9.04E-01 34.04 4.84E-01 32.57 9.25E-01 25.81 2.38E+00 25.16 2.00E+00
32 39.28 2.34E-01 33.20 9.84E-01 34.61 8.55E-01 36.43 4.99E-01 35.06 6.74E-01 28.01 2.30E+00 25.39 2.28E+00
L0699 8 21.47 3.64E-15 18.85 1.04E+00 20.49 5.91E-01 20.50 1.39E+00 20.50 8.32E-01 21.47 3.64E-15 17.97 1.52E+00
16 30.10 5.00E-01 24.33 2.06E+00 27.08 1.34E+00 25.85 1.87E+00 27.55 1.56E+00 24.52 1.57E+00 20.41 2.70E+00
24 36.47 6.57E-01 28.99 1.53E+00 29.70 1.47E+00 27.37 1.95E+00 32.20 9.90E-01 28.58 1.94E+00 23.38 3.08E+00
32 39.63 3.95E-01 31.96 1.50E+00 31.48 1.66E+00 31.51 1.21E+00 35.91 6.84E-01 29.68 2.19E+00 24.74 2.34E+00
L0879 8 21.24 2.73E-04 20.50 5.17E-01 19.65 9.02E-01 20.50 1.29E+00 21.24 1.96E-01 21.24 3.64E-15 19.04 1.04E+00
16 27.92 4.45E-01 25.16 2.11E+00 24.97 2.05E+00 29.20 9.69E-01 24.41 2.17E+00 23.62 1.07E+00 21.55 1.50E+00
24 33.62 8.29E-01 29.70 1.29E+00 24.72 2.66E+00 31.98 1.05E+00 26.94 2.52E+00 25.51 1.89E+00 20.90 2.84E+00
32 38.05 1.48E+00 29.03 1.84E+00 30.59 1.70E+00 30.69 1.98E+00 33.78 1.39E+00 26.49 2.54E+00 24.02 2.54E+00
L1074 8 24.33 8.48E-03 23.13 6.21E-01 23.10 3.77E-01 24.49 2.97E-01 24.30 2.08E-01 24.30 7.28E-15 20.66 1.03E+00
16 31.32 1.25E-01 28.94 5.60E-01 29.48 4.96E-01 30.08 3.87E-01 29.82 4.15E-01 28.31 5.99E-01 25.21 9.50E-01
24 35.34 1.26E-01 31.97 5.45E-01 32.37 6.48E-01 32.90 4.09E-01 33.08 2.61E-01 31.26 4.99E-01 25.63 1.33E+00
32 38.08 1.89E-01 33.39 6.92E-01 34.05 8.71E-01 35.33 4.20E-01 35.10 3.77E-01 32.96 5.24E-01 29.60 8.36E-01
X0017 8 23.45 8.22E-03 22.19 4.50E-01 22.10 4.04E-01 22.72 1.84E-01 23.25 5.07E-02 23.39 1.47E-02 20.65 6.03E-01
16 29.26 7.51E-02 26.58 7.20E-01 27.56 4.75E-01 27.48 3.74E-01 28.68 1.21E-01 27.58 2.35E-01 24.42 9.23E-01
24 32.99 6.53E-02 30.39 4.81E-01 29.71 7.04E-01 30.36 4.55E-01 32.18 1.29E-01 30.40 2.57E-01 27.84 5.01E-01
32 35.60 9.65E-02 32.26 6.18E-01 32.25 7.39E-01 32.36 5.06E-01 34.54 1.36E-01 32.14 3.50E-01 28.82 7.64E-01
Friedman mean rank 1.1328 4.9844 4.5781 3.0156 2.8828 4.4219 6.98441
Rank 1 6 5 3 2 4 7