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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 5.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Phys. 2022 Feb 24;18(4):411–416. doi: 10.1038/s41567-022-01506-1

Extended Data Figure 1.

Extended Data Figure 1

Extended Data Figure 1

a. Cells are loaded in a culture chamber connected on its sides to narrow channels that are used to set the chemical environment. Confined growth lead to the buildup of GIP, which is measured through the deformation of the elastic chamber. b. The culture chamber is, similar to the device presented in a., connected to a set of narrow channels to set the chemical environment. A valve is actuated to confine the cell population and allow it to build up GIP. We estimate GIP by measuring the deformation of the PDMS membrane. Opening of the valve leads to a relaxation of GIP.