Figure 5. Interrupted biomechanics altered YAP activation and led to valve defects in-vivo.

(A). LAL performed at HH24 led to an underdeveloped left AV septal valve and overdeveloped right AV septal valve at HH31. (B). Normally developed sham control hearts. (C). Aspect ratios of AV septal valves, which evaluate valve elongation. (D). D. Intensity ratios of nuclear vs. cytoplasmic YAP expressions in the septal AV valves of LAL and sham control hearts. Data are presented by mean ± SEM, n=6 sections from three embryos, *p<0.05, two-tail student t-tests. A, atrium; V, ventricle; I, inferior cushion; S, superior cushion; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; IVS, interventricular septum; LAV, left atrioventricular septal valve; RAV, right atrioventricular septal valve.