Table 2.

Hazard ratios^a

Outcome	Number of events	HR, unadjusted [95% CI]	HR, age- and sex-adjusted [95% CI]	HR, age-, sex-, and Charlson comorbidity index score-adjusted [95% CI]	HR-, age-, sex-, Charlson comorbidity index score-, and vaccination-adjusted [95% CI]
Death
Non-SSRI users (n = 279,334)	2872	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Total SSRI users (n = 7113)	255	3.53 [3.11–4.02] p < 0.001	1.51 [1,33–1,72] p < 0.001	1.33 [1.17–1.51] p < 0.001	1.32 [1.16–1.50] p 0.015
Sertraline (n = 4092)	121	2.91 [2.42–3.49] p < 0.001	1.47 [1.22–1.76] p < 0.001	1.27 [1.06–1.53] p < 0.001	1.29 [1.08–1.55] p 0.006
Citalopram (n = 1740)	98	5.60 [4.58–6.85] p < 0.001	1.64 [1.34–2.00] p < 0.001	1.41 [1.15–1.73] p < 0.001	1.36 [1.11–1.67] p 0.003
Escitalopram (n = 759)	28	3.64 [2.51–5.29] p < 0.001	1.31 [0.91–1.91] p 0.15	1.28 [0.88–1.86] p > 0.019	1.29 [0.89–1.87] p 0.18
Paroxetine (n = 231)	7	2.98 [1.42–6.26] p 0.0039	2.35 [1.12–4.94] p 0.02	2.08 [0.99–4.37] p 0.05	1.99 [0.95–4.19] p 0.07
Fluoxetine (n = 209)	1	0.33 [0.047–2.37] p 0.27	0.43 [0.06–3.04] p > 0.40	0.41 [0.06–2.94] p 0.38	0.42 [0.06–2.98] p 0.39
Fluvoxamine (n = 1)	0	NA	NA	NA	NA
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Non-SSRI users (n = 279,334)	3199	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Total SSRI users (n = 7113)	162	2.0 [1.71–3.1] p < 0.001	1.18 [1.01–1.39] p < 0.04	1.07 [0,91–1.26] p 0.4	1.07 [0.91–1.25] p 0.4
Sertraline (n = 4092]	67	1.43 [1.13–1.83] p 0.004	0.99 [0.78–1.26] p 0.94	0.89 [0.70–1.14] p 0.35	0.90 [0.75–1.15] p 0.39
Citalopram (n = 1740)	61	3.09 [2.40–3.99] p < 0.001	1.3 [1.03–1.72] p 0.03	1.19 [0.92–1.54] p 0.18	1.16 [0.93–1.50] p 0.24
Escitalopram (n = 759)	24	2.79 [1.87–4.17] p < 0.001	1.48 [0.99–2.20] p 0.06	1.39 [0.93–2.08] p 0.11	1.39 [0.93–2.08] p 0.11
Paroxetine (n = 231)	7	2.68 [1.28–5.63] p 0.009	1.79 [0.85–3.75] p 0.13	1.71 [0.81–3.59] p 0.16	1.64 [0.78–3.45] p 0.19
Fluoxetine (n = 209)	3	0.90 [0.29–2.80] p 0.86	0.88 [0.28–2.74] p 0.83	0.85 [0.27–2.64] p 0.78	0.89 [0.29–2.76] p 0.84
Fluvoxamine (n = 1)	0	NA	NA	NA	NA
Severe acute respiratory syndrome or death
Non-SSRI users (n = 279,334)	5217	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Total SSRI users (n = 7113)	365	2.79 [2.51–3.1] p < 0.001	1.40 [1.25–1.55] p < 0.001	1.24 [1.12–1.38] p < 0.001	1.23 [1.11 –1.37] p < 0.001
Sertraline (n = 4092)	168	2.22 [1.90–2.59] p < 0.001	1.31 [1.12–1.53] p < 0.001	1.16 [0.99–1.35] p 0.06	1.17 [1.00–1.37] p 0.05
Citalopram (n = 1740)	137	4.33 [3.65–5.13] p < 0.001	1.52 [1.28–1.80] p < 0.001	1.33 [1.12–1.58] p 0.001	1.29 [1.09–1.53] p 0.004
Escitalopram (n = 759)	45	3.24 [2.42–4.35] p < 0.001	1.43 [1.07–1.92] p 0.02	1.36 [1.02–1.83] p 0.04	1.36 [1.02–1.83] p 0.04
Paroxetine (n = 231)	12	2.85 [1.62–5.02] p < 0.001	1.90 [1.08–3.43] p 0.27	1.76 [1.0–3.1] p 0.05	1.69 [0.96–2.99] p 0.07
Fluoxetine (n = 209)	3	0.55 [0.18–1.72] p 0.30	0.56 [0.18–1.73] p 0.31	0.53 [0.17–1.66] p 0.28	0.55 [0.18–1.71] p 0.30
Fluvoxamine (n = 1)	0	NA	NA	NA	NA

HR, hazard ratio; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

^aDifferences in outcome between SSRI users and non-SSRI users within 60 days after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. SSRI intake is defined as pharmacy pickups with sufficient daily dispensing to cover a period of at least two days prior to and 14 days after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Severe acute respiratory syndrome is defined as ≥24 h of hospitalisation with the ICD–10 diagnosis code B972A or intensive care unit admission. Hazard ratios were estimated with Cox regressions.