Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the participants.
| Measure | Total | Male | Female | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 352 | 241 | 111 | – |
| Age (years) | 40.5 ± 10.3 | 41.8 ± 10.4 | 37.3 ± 8.3 | 0.000 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 3.1 | 25.3 ± 2.6 | 26.9 ± 3.9 | 0.000 |
| WC (cm) | 86.7 ± 8.1 | 88.3 ± 6.7 | 84.4 ± 9.4 | 0.005 |
| HC (cm) | 94.9 ± 7.8 | 94.1 ± 5.6 | 96.1 ± 9.9 | 0.117 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 121 ± 0.0 | 123.3 ± 13.1 | 115.2 ± 12.4 | 0.000 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 82.1 ± 10.2 | 83.9 ± 9.6 | 77.7 ± 10.4 | 0.000 |
| Diabetes | 0.949 | |||
| Yes (%) | 21.9 | 21.8 | 22.1 | |
| No (%) | 78.1 | 78.2 | 77.9 | |
| Intake of fat rich food | 0.176 | |||
| No (%) | 39.5 | 39.6 | 29.7 | |
| Occasionally (%) | 18.3 | 15.3 | 25.0 | |
| Yes (%) | 45.2 | 45.1 | 45.3 | |
| Intake of vegetables | 0.853 | |||
| Low (%) | 8.7 | 8.3 | 9.4 | |
| Medium (%) | 66.8 | 68.1 | 64.1 | |
| High (%) | 24.5 | 23.6 | 26.6 | |
| Intake of fruits | 0.867 | |||
| Low (%) | 31.7 | 31.3 | 32.8 | |
| Medium (%) | 60.6 | 60.4 | 60.9 | |
| High (%) | 7.7 | 8.3 | 6.3 | |
| Intake of raw salt | 0.477 | |||
| No (%) | 81.7 | 81.3 | 82.8 | |
| Yes (%) | 18.3 | 18.8 | 17.2 | |
| Physical activity | 0.773 | |||
| Low (%) | 20.4 | 19.1 | 23.2 | |
| Moderate (%) | 71.0 | 72.4 | 68.1 | |
| Adequate | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.6 | |
| Smoking status | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 0.000 |
| No (%) | 89.3 | 85.0 | 100.0 | |
| Yes (%) | 10.7 | 15.0 | 0.0 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or percentage for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. WC: waist circumference, HC: hip circumference, BMI: body mass index, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure.