Fig. 1. Vortioxetine hydrobromide inhabited GC cell proliferation in vitro.
A The chemical structure of vortioxetine hydrobromide. B HGC 27 and AGS cells were seeded in 96-well plates and treated with vortioxetine hydrobromide (0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μM) for 24 and 48 h. The Y axis showed the corresponding relative cell viability. C The cells were treated with various concentrations of vortioxetine hydrobromide (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 μM) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay and normalized to that of the control. Mean ± S.D. (n = 3). D Effect of vortioxetine hydrobromide on anchorage-independent growth of GC cells. The cells (8 × 103 cells/well) were treated with various concentrations of vortioxetine hydrobromide (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 μM) in an 1.25% basal medium eagle agar matrix containing 10% FBS and cultured for 9 days. Colony numbers were counted using the IN Cell Analyzer 6000 software. E The cells were plated into 6-well plates and treated with various concentrations of vortioxetine hydrobromide (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 μM) for 10 days, followed by crystal violet staining to monitor colony formation. Mean ± S.D. (n = 3) (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).