Table 5.
Effect of phenolic-rich Moringa oleifera leaf extract on liver functions of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to abamectin (5% EC) for 28 days
| Parameters | CONT | ABM | MOE | ABM + MOE | %Change | AI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALT (U/l) | 10.59 ± 0.22c | 15.69 ± 0.50a | 11.74 ± 0.11b | 8.73 ± 0.20d | 48.12 | 0.82 |
| AST (U/l) | 45.35 ± 1.83b | 72.62 ± 1.26a | 46.08 ± 0.62b | 42.95 ± 0.24c | 60.12 | 0.94 |
| ALT/AST | 0.23 ± 0.01b | 0.22 ± 0.01bc | 0.25 ± 0.01a | 0.20 ± 0.004c | − 11.98 | 0.92 |
| ALP (U/l) | 16.53 ± 0.39a | 14.55 ± 0.39b | 15.59 ± 0.36ab | 15.26 ± 0.48ab | –– | –– |
| TP (g/dl) | 4.08 ± 0.04b | 4.72 ± 0.03a | 3.94 ± 0.06b | 4.59 ± 0.07a | –– | –– |
| Alb (g/dl) | 1.04 ± 0.01c | 1.53 ± 0.02a | 1.07 ± 0.01c | 1.25 ± 0.01b | –– | –– |
| Glb (g/dl) | 3.04 ± 0.04bc | 3.19 ± 0.05ab | 2.87 ± 0.07c | 3.33 ± 0.06a | –– | –– |
| A/G | 0.34 ± 0.01c | 0.48 ± 0.01a | 0.37 ± 0.01b | 0.37 ± 0.01b | –– | –– |
Means followed by different letters within each row are significantly different according to Duncan test (P ≤ 0.05). Data are presented as mean ± SE
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; TP, total protein; Alb, albumin; Glb, globulin, AI, ameliorative index
CONT = control group where fish were fed with control reference diet without any exposure; ABM, fish fed with control reference diet and exposed to 0.5 ug/l of abamectin (ABM 5% EC, Profery); MOE, fish fed with phenolic-rich Moringa oleifera leaf extract-supplemented diet without any exposure; ABM + MOE, fish fed with phenolic-rich Moringa oleifera leaf extract-supplemented diet and exposed to 0.5 ug/l of abamectin (ABM 5% EC, Profery)