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. 2023 May 5;14:2597. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38338-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a Mean calcium responses of example neurons preferentially responding to each individual stimulus mice. Pink and green colors for reward-associated mouse A and B trials. Yellow and purple colors for no-reward-associated mouse C and D. O, window opening. R, start of response window. C, window closing. b Temporal profiles of d’ for all neurons in an example subject mouse. c Distribution of d’ for the reward-associated (left) and no-reward-associated mice (right), calculated within the O-C period for all neurons in an example subject mouse. Neurons with a significant d’ value are color-coded (shuffling test, two-sided, p < 0.05). d The proportion of mouse identity-selective neurons was higher in reward than no-reward category (mean ± SEM, two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p = 0.0018, n = 13 mice). e Proportion of mouse identity-selective neurons among the neurons with each response score in reward (left) and no-reward (right) category (mean ± SEM, n = 13 mice). Dashed lines indicate the chance level. f Application of support vector machine (SVM) to decode mouse identity-selective information. g SVM decoding accuracies of the identity of stimulus mice in the reward (left) and no-reward category (right). The data are presented as mean ± SEM (shaded area) across 13 expert mice. The upper bars represent the period of significant decoding (Cluster-based permutation test, two-sided, p < 0.05). h The peak decoding accuracies of individual mice were higher in reward than no-reward categories (mean ± SEM, two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p = 0.046, n = 13 mice). i Schematic of passive presentation experiments where a novel pair of four conspecifics was presented. j Mean proportion of neurons with a significant d’ (shuffling test with Bonferroni correction, two-sided, p < 0.05) obtained from each subject mouse (3–4 sessions) and averaged across four mice. k Multiclass SVM decoding accuracies of the stimulus mice in the passive condition (mean ± SEM (shaded area), n = 4 mice). l Peak decoding accuracies (mean ± SEM). No statistical test made (n = 4 mice). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.